Примечания
1
Пер. А. Радловой.
2
В зарубежной литературе принято обозначение во множественном числе – Войны Алой и Белой розы или Войны роз. В этой книге используется традиционное для русской историографии название Война Алой и Белой розы. – Здесь и далее, если не указано иное, прим. ред.
3
McFarlane К. B. England in the Fifteenth Century: Collected Essays. London, 1981. P. 231–261; Goodman A. The Wars of the Roses: Military Activity and English Society, 1452–1497. London, 1981; Gillingham J. The Wars of the Roses. London, 1981; Lander J. R. The Wars of the Roses. London, 1965; Griffiths R. A. The Reign of King Henry VI: The Exercise of Royal Authority, 1422–1461. London, 1981; Ross C. D. Edward IV. London, 1974; Ross C. D. Richard III. London, 1981.
4
Согласно другим версиям, Эдуард был взят в плен и казнен после боя. Именно такой вариант излагает Шекспир в «Ричарде III».
5
The Governance of England / Ed. C. Plummer. Oxford, 1885; 2nd edn., 1926. P. 348–353.
6
Ibid. P. 109–157.
7
Wolffe В. P. The Royal Demesne in English History: The Crown Estate in the Governance of the Realm from the Conquest to 1509. London, 1971. P. 112–123; EHDw. 1327–1485 / Ed. A. R. Myers. London, 1969. P. 516–522; Griffiths. Henry VI. P. 107–122.
8
Morgan D. A. L. The House of Policy: The Political Role of the Late Plantagenet Household, 1422–1485 // The English Court: From the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War / Ed. D. R. Starkey. London, 1987. P. 55–56; Wolffe В. P. The Crown Lands, 1461–1536. London, 1970. P. 33–41, 52–54, 67–70, 84–85; Royal Demesne. P. 79–84, 113–116, 124–158, 196–201.
9
Lander J. R. Crown and Nobility, 1450–1509. London, 1976. P. 127–158, 307–308; Hicks M. Attainder, Resumption and Coercion, 1461–1529 // Parliamentary History, 3. 1984. P. 15–31; Stacy W. R. Richard Roose and the Use of Parliamentary Attainder in the Reign of Henry VIII // Historical Journal, 29. 1986. P. 1–15.
10
Lander. Crown and Nobility. P. 127–158, 307–308; Ross. Edward IV. P. 66–70; Chrimes S. B. Henry VII. London, 1972; repr. 1977. P. 207, 328–329.
11
Wolffe. Crown Lands. P. 51–75; Royal Demesne. P. 158–212; Ross. Edward IV. P. 373–377.
12
Wolffe. Royal Demesne. P. 212–225; Crown Lands. P. 66–86; Ross. Edward IV. P. 371–387; Chrimes. Henry VII. P. 194–218.
13
Lander. Crown and Nobility. P. 171–219, 309–320; Select Cases in the Council of Henry VII / Ed. C. G. Bayne, W. H. Dunham. Selden Society, London, 1958. P. xix—xli; Chrimes. Henry VII. P. 97–114; Guy J. A. The Cardinal’s Court: The Impact of Thomas Wolsey in Star Chamber. Hassocks, 1977. P. 9–10.
14
Elton G. R. The Tudor Constitution. Cambridge, 1960; 2nd edn., 1982. P. 102.
15
Governance / Ed. Plummer. P. 145–149, 349–350.
16
Guy. The King’s Council and Political Participation // Reassessing the Henrician Age: Humanism, Politics, and Reform, 1500–1550 // Ed. A. G. Fox, J. A. Guy. Oxford, 1986. P. 121–147; Sir John Fortescue: De Laudibus Legum Anglie / Ed. S. B. Chrimes. Cambridge, 1949. P. 86; Lehmberg S. E. The Later Parliaments of Henry VIII, 1536–1547. Cambridge, 1977. P. 170.
17
The Monarchy of France / Ed. D. R. Kelley, J. H. Hexter, etal. New Haven: Conn., 1981. P. 41.
18
Starkey D. R. After the Revolution // Revolution Reassessed: Revisions in the History of Tudor Government and Administration / Ed. C. Coleman and Starkey. Oxford, 1986. P. 199–208; Knecht R. J. Francis I. Cambridge, 1982. P. 128–131; The English Court / Ed. D. R. Starkey. P. 71–118. См. также: P. 312–313.
19
Elton G. R. Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government. 3 vols. Cambridge, 1974–1983. iii. 216–233; Alsop J. D. The Theory and Practice of Tudor Taxation // English Historical Review, 97. 1982. P. 1–30; его же Innovation in Tudor Taxation // English Historical Review, 99. 1984. P. 83–93; Harriss G. L. Thomas Cromwell’s “New Principle” of Taxation // English Historical Review, 93. 1978. P. 721–738; его же Theory and Practice in Royal Taxation: Some Observations // English Historical Review, 97. 1982. P. 811–819.
20
McConica J. K. English Humanists and Reformation Politics. Oxford, 1965; repr. 1968. P. 13–149; Weiss R. Humanism in England during the Fifteenth Century. Oxford, 1941; 2nd edn., 1957. P. 39–70.
21
Weiss. P. 84–140, 160–178.
22
A Fifteenth Century School Book / Ed. W. Nelson. Oxford, 1956. P. vii-xxix; Lupton J. H. A Life of John Colet. London, 1887; 2nd edn., 1909. P. 271–284.
23
Lupton J. H. A Life of John Colet. London, 1887; 2nd edn., 1909. P. 45–87.
24
Froude J. A. Life and Letters of Erasmus. London, 1895. P. 43–44.
25
Ives E. W. The Common Lawyers of Pre-Reformation England. Cambridge, 1983. P. 36–59; Ives E. W. The Common Lawyers // Profession, Vocation, and Culture in Later Medieval England. Liverpool, 1982. P. 181–217; The Reports of Sir John Spelman / Ed. J. H. Baker. 2 vols. London: Selden Society. 1977–1978. ii. 28–46, 123–142. Kelley D. R. Foundations of Modern Historical Scholarship. New York, 1970. P. 19–148.
26
Ives E. W. The Common Lawyers of Pre-Reformation England. Cambridge, 1983. P. 37–53.
27
De Laudibus Legum Anglie / Ed. Chrimes. P. 116–120; The Book Named the Governor / Ed. S. E. Lehmberg. London, 1962. P. 51–56.
28
Reports / Ed. Baker, ii. 193–298; Blatcher M. The Court of King’s Bench, 1450–1550. London, 1978. P. 90–137; Guy J. A. The Public Career of Sir Thomas More. Brighton, 1980. P. 37–79.
29
Rhodes J. Private Devotion in England on the Eve of the Reformation. Unpublished Durham Ph. D. dissertation. 1974, fos. 73–196.
30
Scarisbrick J. J. The Reformation and the English People. Oxford, 1984. P. 3–39.
31
Heath P. The English Parish Clergy on the Eve of the Reformation. London, 1969. P. 93–103.
32
Heath P. The English Parish Clergy on the Eve of the Reformation. London, 1969. P. 81–92; Bowker M. The Secular Clergy in the Diocese of Lincoln. Cambridge, 1968. P. 44–45.
33
Piers the Ploughman / Ed. J. F. Goodridge. London, 1959. 2nd edn., 1966; repr. 1968. P. 72–74.
34
Owst G. R. Literature and Pulpit in Medieval England. Cambridge, 1933. P. 278–279.
35
Bowker. Secular Clergy. P. 110–154; Heath. English Parish Clergy. P. 104–134.
36
Heath. English Parish Clergy. P. 187–196.
37
Thomson J. A. F. The Later Lollards, 1414–1520. Oxford, 1965. P. 4–15; Aston M. Lollardy and Sedition, 1381–1431 // Past and Present, no. 17. 1960. P. 1–44; McFarlane К. B. Lancastrian Kings and Lollard Knights. Oxford, 1972.
38
Guy J. A. The Legal Context of the Controversy: The Law of Heresy // CW x. The Debellation of Salem and Bizance / Ed. Guy, R. Keen, С. H. Miller. New Haven, Conn., 1987. P. xlvii-lxvii.
39
Ibid.
40
Thomson. Later Lollards; C. Cross, Church and People, 1450–1660. Fontana edn., 1976. P. 31–52.
41
Davis J. F. Heresy and Reformation in the South-East of England, 1520–1559. London, 1983. P. 5.
42
Wilks M. Reformatio Regni: Wyclif and Hus as Leaders of Religious Protest Movements // Schism, Heresy and Religious Protest / Ed. D. Baker. Cambridge, 1972. P. 109–130.
43
Political Poems and Songs Relating to English History / Ed. T. Wright. 2 vols. London, 1859–1861. ii. 202.
44
Keep then the sea about in special, / Which of England is the round wall, / As though England were likened to a city, / And the wall environ were the sea.
45
The Works of Sir John Fortescue, Knight, Chief Justice of England and Lord Chancellor to King Henry the Sixth / Ed. T. Fortescue [Lord Clermont]. 2 vols.; London, 1869. i. 549–554.
46
Chrimes S. B. English Constitutional Ideas in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge, 1936. P. 300–324; Elton. Studies, ii. 28–29.
47
Wilks. ‘Reformatio Regni’. P. 123.
48
Wrigley E. A., Schofield R. S. The Population History of England, 1541–1871: A Reconstruction. London, 1981. P. 645–685; Palliser D. M. Tawney’s Century: Brave New World or Malthusian Trap // Economic History Review, 2nd ser. 35. 1982. P. 339–353; The Agrarian History of England and Wales, iv. 1500–1640 / Ed. J. Thirsk. Cambridge, 1967; Hoskins W. G. Harvest Fluctuations and English Economic History, 1480–1619 // Agricultural History Review, 12, 1964. P. 28–46; Harrison C. J. Grain Price Analysis and Harvest Qualities, 1465–1634 // Agricultural History Review, 19, 1971. P. 135–155.
49
Wrigley, Schofield. Population History. P. 174–179, 207–210, 234, 531, 645–685; Hatcher J. Plague, Population and the English Economy, 1348–1530. London, 1977; Cornwall J. English Population in the Early Sixteenth Century // Economic History Review, 2nd ser. 23, 1970. P. 32–44; Appleby A. B. Famine in Tudor and Stuart England. Liverpool, 1978; Appleby A. B. Disease or Famine? Mortality in Cumberland and Westmorland, 1580–1640 // Economic History Review, 2nd ser. 26, 1973. P. 403–432; Fisher F. J. Influenza and Inflation in Tudor England // Economic History Review 18, 1965. P. 120–129; Slack P. Mortality Crises and Epidemic Disease in England, 1485–1610 // Health, Medicine and Mortality in the Sixteenth Century / Ed. C. Webster, Cambridge, 1979. P. 9–59; Slack P. The Impact of Plague in Tudor and Stuart England. London, 1985; Palliser D. M. Dearth and Disease in Staffordshire, 1540–1670 // Rural Change and Urban Growth, 1500–1800: Essays in English Regional History in Honour of W. G. Hoskins / Ed. C. W. Chalklin, M. A. Havinden. London, 1974. P. 54–75.
50
Clay C. G. A. Economic Expansion and Social Change: England, 1500–1700. 2 vols.; Cambridge, 1984. i. 13.
51
Wrigley, Schofield. Population History. P. 234, 528.
52
Bridbury A. R. Sixteenth-century Farming // Economic History Review, 2nd ser. 27, 1974. P. 538–556.
53
e. g. Norfolk Record Office, Norwich Mayor’s Court Book 1510–1532. P. 201–202, 207, 227, 269 ff.; King’s Lynn Assembly Book, 1497–1544 (KL/C7/5), fo. 197v.
54
Palliser D. M. The Age of Elizabeth: England under the Later Tudors, 1547–1603. London, 1983. P. 135–150.
55
Идея предупредительного препятствия появилась в «Опыте о законе народонаселения» издания 1803 года. Последний раз Мальтус редактировал свой труд для издания 1816 года, этот окончательный текст впоследствии и переиздавали.
56
Wrigley, Schofield. Population History. P. 356–401.
57
Wrightson K. English Society, 1580–1680. London, 1982. P. 130–142.
58
The Description of England / Ed. G. Edelen. Ithaca, NY: Folger Books, 1968. P. 200–203.
59
Wrightson. English Society. P. 125–130; Appleby J. O. Economic Thought and Ideology in Seventeenth-century England. Princeton, NJ, 1978. P. 129–157.
60
Humanist Scholarship and Public Order / Ed. D. S. Berkowitz. Washington DC: Folger Books, 1983. P. 136–137.
61
Kingdon R. M. Social Welfare in Calvin’s Geneva // American Historical Review, 76, 1971. P. 50–69; Davis N. Z. Poor Relief, Humanism and Heresy: The Case of Lyon // Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History, 5, 1968. P. 217–275; Grimm H. J. Luther’s Contributions to Sixteenthcentury Organization of Poor Relief // Archiv fur Reformationsgeschichte, 61, 1970. P. 222–234; Heller H. Famine, Revolt and Heresy at Meaux, 1521–25 // Archivfur Reformationsgeschichte, 68, 1977. P. 133–156; Pullan B. Rich and Poor in Renaissance Venice. Oxford, 1971. P. 239–291; Fideler P. A. Discussions of Poverty in Sixteenth-century England. Brandeis University, Ph. D. dissertation; published University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, 1971.
62
Leonard E. M. The Early History of English Poor Relief. Cambridge, 1900. P. 25–40; Poor Relief in Elizabethan Ipswich / Ed. J. Webb. Ipswich: Suffolk Records Society, 1966. P. 11–20; Pound J. An Elizabethan Census of the Poor: The Treatment of Vagrancy in Norwich, 1570–1580 // University of Birmingham Historical Journal, 8, 1962. P. 135–161; Pound J. Poverty and Vagrancy in Tudor England. London, 1971; repr. 1978; Beier A. L. The Social Problems of an Elizabethan County Town: Warwick, 1580–1590 // Country Towns in Pre-industrial England / Ed. P. Clark. Leicester, 1981. P. 46–85.
63
Description of England. P. 180–186.
64
Crisis and Order in English Towns, 1500–1700 / Ed. P. Clark, P. Slack. London, 1972; The Early Modern Town / Ed. P. Clark. London, 1976; Palliser M. Tudor York. Oxford, 1979; MacCaffrey W. T. Exeter, 1540–1640. Cambridge, Mass., 1958; 2nd edn., 1975.
65
Данные для последующих абзацев взяты из: Cooper J. P. Land, Men and Beliefs: Studies in Early Modern History. London, 1983; Stone L. The Crisis of the Aristocracy, 1558–1641. Oxford, 1965; Miller H. Henry VIII and the English Nobility. Oxford, 1986; Agrarian History / Ed. Thirsk. iv. 276–306; Graves M. A. R. The Tudor Parliaments: Crown, Lords, and Commons, 1485–1603. London, 1985.
66
Description of England. P. 113–114.
67
Cooper. Land, Men and Beliefs. P. 25–26.
68
Palliser. Age of Elizabeth. P. 86.
69
Clay. Economic Expansion and Social Change, i. 143.
70
Clay. Economic Expansion and Social Change, i. 158.
71
Palliser. Age of Elizabeth. P. 70; cf. Cooper. Land, Men and Beliefs. P. 43–77.
72
Clay. Economic Expansion and Social Change, ii. 6.
73
Clay. Economic Expansion and Social Change, ii. 36–37.
74
В русской историографии сформировалась традиция немецкоязычной огласовки имен европейских монархов. Правильнее именовать королей династии Стюарт Джеймсами. См.: Устинов В. Почему Генрих – не Генрих, а Людовик – не Людовик? // Наука и жизнь, 2, 2020.
75
Pickthorn Cf. K. Early Tudor Government: Henry VII. Cambridge, 1934. 141 n.1.
76
Starkey D. R. Court and Government // Revolution Reassessed: Revisions in the History of Tudor Government and Administration / Ed. C. Coleman and Starkey. Oxford, 1986. P. 48.
77
См. с. 74–77.
78
Lander J. R. Crown and Nobility, 1450–1509. London, 1976. P. 209–210, 219.
79
Дерби не постоянно служил констеблем: Тюдоры при любой возможности держали эту должность вакантной.
80
Condon M. M. Ruling Elites in the Reign of Henry VII // Patronage, Pedigree and Power / Ed. C. Ross. Gloucester, 1979. P. 113–114.
81
Guy J. A. The Cardinal’s Court: The Impact of Thomas Wolsey in Star Chamber. Hassocks, 1977. P. 19.
82
См. с. 3.
83
Condon. Ruling Elites, p. 113.
84
Chronicles of London / Ed C. L. Kingsford. Oxford, 1905. P. 213–216.
85
Chrimes S. B. Henry VII. London, 1972; repr. 1977), 135.
86
Holmes P. J. The Great Council in the Reign of Henry VII // English Historical Review, 101, 1986. P. 840–862; Kings and Nobles in the Later Middle Ages / Ed. R. A. Griffiths, J. Sherborne. Gloucester, 1986. P. 242–243, 275–276; The Monarchy of France / Ed. D. R. Kelley, J. H. Hexter, et al. New Haven, Conn., 1981. P. 73–74.
87
Schofield R. S. Parliamentary Lay Taxation, 1485–1547, unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation, 1963, fos. 61–64, 156–159, table 40 (facing fo. 416).
88
Ibid., fos. 160–198, table 40.
89
Роупер утверждал, будто Генриху VII было сказано, что «неопытный юнец обманулся в своих надеждах», однако нет никаких свидетельств, что Мор хотя бы был избран в парламент 1504 года. Two Early Tudor Lives / Ed. R. S. Sylvester, D.-P. Harding. New Haven, Conn., 1962; repr. 1969. P. 199.
90
Bacon’s Works. Chandos edn. P. 423, 425.
91
Chrimes. Henry VII. P. 177.
92
3 Henry VII, c. 1; Select Cases in the Council of Henry VII / Ed. C. G. Bayne, W. H. Dunham. London: Selden Society, 1958. P. xlix-lxiv; Guy. The Cardinal’s Court. P. 20.
93
11 Henry VII, c. 25; Cases in the Council of Henry VII / Ed. C. G. Bayne, W. H. Dunham. London: Selden Society, 1958. P. Ixii-lxiii; Guy. The Cardinal’s Court, p. 20 and n. 173.
94
Many laws and little right, / Many acts of Parliament, / And few kept with true intent.
95
Political Poems and Songs Relating to English History / Ed. T. Wright. 2 vols. London, 1859–1861. ii. 252.
96
Chrimes. Henry VII. P. 185.
97
Condon. Ruling Elites. P. 115, 121, 125; Clark P. English Provincial Society from the Reformation to the Revolution: Religion, Politics and Society in Kent, 1500–1640. Hassocks, 1977. P. 17–20; Elton G. R. Policy and Police: The Enforcement of the Reformation in the Age of Thomas Cromwell. Cambridge, 1972. P. 293–400.
98
4 Henry VII, c. 13.
99
The Reports of Sir John Spelman / Ed. J. H. Baker. 2 vols. London: Selden Society, 1977–1978. ii. 329–330.
100
Выражаю глубокую благодарность мисс Маргарет Кондон за многочисленные обсуждения системы договоров-бондов Генриха VII.
101
Прошение Дадли 1509 года, адресованное Фоксу и Ловеллу, опубликовано в: Harrison C. J. The Petition of Edmund Dudley. English Historical Review, 87. 1972. P. 82–99.
102
Chrimes. Henry VII, p. 213 and n. 1.
103
Ibid. P. 212.
104
Condon. Ruling Elites. P. 122.
105
The Anglica Historia of Polydore Vergil / Ed. D. Hay. Camden Society, 3rd ser. 74; London, 1950. P. 127–129.
106
Lander. Crown and Nobility. P. 292.
107
Condon. Ruling Elites. P. 122.
108
The Anglica Historia of Polydore Vergil / Ed. D. Hay. Camden Society, 3rd ser. 74; London, 1950. P. 127.
109
Elton G. R. Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government. 3 vols.; Cambridge, 1974–1983. i. 45–99; cf. Cooper J. P. Henry VII’s Last Years Reconsidered // Historical Journal, 2. 1959. P. 103–129.
110
Somerville R. Henry VII’s “Council Learned in the Law” // English Historical Review, 54. 1939. P. 427–442; Condon. Ruling Elites. P. 133–134.
111
Condon. Ruling Elites. P. 134.
112
Lander. Crown and Nobility. P. 293.
113
Harrison. Petition of Edmund Dudley. P. 87.
114
Elton. Studies. i. 73–76.
115
Condon. Ruling Elites. P. 127–128.
116
Там же; Ives E. W. The Common Lawyers of Pre-Reformation England. Cambridge, 1983. P. 85–86. В декабре 1503 года Шаа и судья Лондона предлагали до £7500 за то, чтобы король отменил хартию гильдии портных и подтвердил хартию лондонского Сити. Он частично уступил за 5000 марок, которые Сити пытался вернуть после восшествия на престол Генриха VIII. Corporation of London RO, Repertories of the Court of Aidermen 1, fo. 149; 2, fos. 27, 75v.
117
Starkey D. R. After the Revolution // Revolution Reassessed / Ed. Coleman, Starkey. P. 203.
118
Davies C. S. L. Bishop John Morton, the Holy See, and the Accession of Henry VII // English Historical Review, 102. 1987. P. 2–30.
119
Reports, ed. Baker, ii. 65.
120
Davies. Bishop John Morton. P. 18, 22; Chrimes S. B. English Constitutional Ideas in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge, 1936. P. 379–380.
121
Davies. Bishop John Morton. P. 16–19; Reports, ed. Baker, ii. 334–346.
122
Davies. Bishop John Morton. P. 17; Storey R. L. Diocesan Administration in Fifteenth-century England. York: Borthwick Institute, 1959; 2nd edn., 1972. P. 29.
123
Henry E. Huntington Library, Ellesmere MS2652, fo. 6.
124
Storey. Diocesan Administration. P. 31.
125
35 Edward I, st. 1; 25 Edward III, st. 5, c. 22; and st. 6, c. 2; 27 Edward III, st. 1, c. 1; 38 Edward III, st. 1, c. 4; and st. 2, c. 1–4; 3 Richard II, c. 3; 7 Richard II, c. 12; 12 Richard II, c. 15; 13 Richard II, st. 2, c. 2–3; 16 Richard II, c. 5; 2 Henry IV, c. 3–4; 6 Henry IV, c. 1; 7 Henry IV, c. 8; 9 Henry IV, c. 8; 3 Henry V, c. 4.
126
Storey. Diocesan Administration. P. 30–31; Harrison. Petition of Edmund Dudley. P. 87–90.
127
Reports, ed. Baker, ii. 66–68.
128
Condon. Ruling Elites. P. 110–111.
129
Там же, 111 and n. 9.
130
Там же, 112.
131
Данная точка зрения на внешнюю политику изложена в: Wernham R. B. Before the Armada: The Emergence of the English Nation, 1485–1588. New York, 1966; repr. 1972. P. 27–76; Chrimes. Henry VII. P. 272–297.
132
Столь огромная сумма была предоставлена в наличных, посуде и драгоценностях в распоряжение Максимилиана, Филиппа или его сына Карла. Это говорит о серьезных намерениях Генриха VII, поскольку она равнялась доходу за три года. Возможно, его главным образом привлекала предполагаемая женитьба на Маргарите Савойской, но в 1508 году Маргарита отвергла предложение Генриха.
133
Kipling G. Henry VII and the Origins of Tudor Patronage // Patronage in the Renaissance / Ed. G. F. Lytle, S. Orgel. Princeton, NJ, 1981. P. 117–164.
134
Duff E. G. The Printers, Stationers and Bookbinders of Westminster and London from 1476 to 1535. Cambridge, 1906; repr. New York, 1971. P. 133–134, 169.
135
The Whole Workes of W. Tyndall, John Frith, and Doct. Barnes / Ed. J. Foxe. London, 1573 [1572]), sig. A2.
136
Bennett H. S. English Books and Readers, 1475 to 1557. Cambridge, 1952. P. 194.
137
Starkey D. R. From Feud to Faction: English Politics c. 1450–1550 // History Today, 32. Nov. 1982. P. 16–18.
138
Wolffe В. P. The Crown Lands, 1461–1536. London, 1970. P. 76–88, 162–163.
139
Henry E. Huntington Library, Ellesmere MS2655, fo. 8.
140
LP I (2nd edn.), i, no. 448 (4).
141
Ives E. W. Anne Boleyn. Oxford, 1986. P. 75.
142
Отсылка к тому, что рыцарь во время турнира носил на рукаве свое «сердце», ленту дамы, – и сразу становились очевидны его чувства.
143
The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe / Ed. G. Townsend. 8 vols.; London, 1843–1849. v. 605–606.
144
Murphy V. M. The Debate over Henry VIII’s First Divorce: An Analysis of the Contemporary Treatises. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation, 1984, fo. 261.
145
Cf. Bernard G. W. War, Taxation and Rebellion in Early Tudor England: Henry VIII, Wolsey and the Amicable Grant of 1525. Brighton, 1986; Wilkie W. E. The Cardinal Protectors of England: Rome and the Tudors before the Reformation. Cambridge, 1974; Walker G. John Skelton and the Politics of the 1520s. Cambridge, 1988. К сходным соображениям пришел и P. Гуин в двух неопубликованных работах.
146
Two Early Tudor Lives / Ed. R. S. Sylvester, D. P. Harding. New Haven, Conn., 1962; repr. 1969. P. 14.
147
Ibid. P. 13.
148
Why come ye nat to court? / To which court? / To the king’s court? / Or to Hampton Court?
149
The Complete English Poems / Ed. J. Scattergood. London, 1983. P. 289.
150
Walker. John Skelton and the Politics of the 1520s.
151
Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 155.
152
Further Supplement to Letters, Despatches and State Papers Relating to the Negotiations between England and Spain / Ed. G. Mattingly. London, 1940. P. xv; cf. Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 60–63.
153
Scarisbrick J. J. Henry VIII. London, 1968. P. 90–92; Supplement / Ed. Mattingly. P. xvi.
154
LP I. ii, nos. 3139–3140.
155
LP II. i, no. 967.
156
LP II. i, no. 894.
157
LP IV. iii, no. 5750 (p. 2559).
158
St Thomas More: Selected Letters / Ed. E. F. Rogers. New Haven, 1961; repr. 1967. P. 68.
159
Guy J. A. The Cardinal’s Court: The Impact of Thomas Wolsey in Star Chamber. Hassocks, 1977; Guy J. A. Thomas More as Successor to Wolsey // Thought: Fordham University Quarterly, 52. 1977. P. 275–92; Metzger F. Das Englische Kanzleigericht Unter Kardinal Wolsey 1515–1529. Unpublished Erlangen Ph. D. dissertation. 1976.
160
St. Pap. iv. 155.
161
Guy J. A. The Court of Star Chamber and its Records to the Reign of Elizabeth I. London, 1985. P. 6–17.
162
Scarisbrick J. J. Cardinal Wolsey and the Common Weal // Wealth and Power in Tudor England / Ed. E. W. Ives, R. J. Knecht, Scarisbrick. London, 1978. P. 45–67.
163
Guy J. A. Wolsey and the Parliament of 1523 // Law and Government under the Tudors / Ed. D. Loades el al. Cambridge, 1988. P. 1–18.
164
LP iv. ii, no. 4796. Cf. LP HI. ii, aP. no. 21.
165
A Discourse of the Commonweal of this Realm of England / Ed. M. Dewar. Charlottesville, Va., 1969. P. 50.
166
PRO STAC2/15/188–90.
167
Tudor Royal Proclamations, i. The Early Tudors / Ed. P. L. Hughes, J. F. Larkin. New Haven, Conn., 1964. nos. 118, 121, 125, 127.
168
Henry E. Huntington Library, Ellesmere MS2655, fo. 16.
169
PRO STAC2/26/103; 2/32/bundle of unlisted fragments (Roger Barbor’s case); Guy, Cardinal’s Court. P. 70–71.
170
PRO SP 1/232, Pt. 1, fos. 58–69 (LP Add. I, no. 206).
171
LP ill. i, no. 365.
172
BL Cotton MS Titus B. l, fos. 178–84 (LP III. i, no. 576).
173
LP iv. iii, no. 5750 (p. 2562).
174
Придворный, ведавший туалетом короля, одно из самых влиятельных лиц его личных покоев.
175
Starkey D. R. Court and Government // Revolution Reassessed: Revisions in the History of Tudor Government and Administration / Ed. Coleman, Starkey. Oxford, 1986. P. 30–46; The English Court: From the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War / Ed. D. R. Starkey. London, 1987. P. 71–118; Starkey D. R. Representation through Intimacy: A Study in the Symbolism of Monarchy and Court Office in Early Modern England // Symbols and Sentiments: Cross-cultural Studies in Symbolism / Ed. I. Lewis. London, 1977. P. 187–224.
176
Ellis S. G. Tudor Policy and the Kildare Ascendancy in the Lordship of Ireland, 1496–1534 // Irish Historical Studies, 20. 1977. P. 239.
177
LPII. i, no. 1959; Miller H. Henry VIII and the English Nobility. Oxford, 1986. P. 108–109. Cf. Bernard G. W. The Power of the Early Tudor Nobility: A Study of the Fourth and Fifth Earls of Shrewsbury. Brighton, 1985. P. 11–26.
178
К этому времени – герцог Норфолк.
179
BL Cotton MS Titus B. l, fo. 94 (LPXXI. ii, no. 554); Grace F. R. The Life and Career of Thomas Howard, Third Duke of Norfolk. Unpublished Nottingham MA dissertation, 1961.
180
Miller. Henry VIII. P. 108–109.
181
Harris B. J. Edward Stafford, Third Duke of Buckingham. 1478–1521. Stanford, Ca., 1986.
182
Miller. Henry VIII. P. 50–51, 166–167.
183
LP III. i, no. 1 (misdated).
184
Harris. Edward Stafford; Miller. Henry VIII. P. 50–51; Fox A. G. Thomas More: History and Providence. Oxford, 1982. P. 101–104.
185
Goring J. J. The General Proscription of 1522 // English Historical Review, 86. 1971. 681–705.
186
Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 119–120.
187
LP III. ii, no. 2484; BL Cotton MS Cleopatra F. VI, fos. 316–320.
188
PRO SP 1/25, fo. 55 (LP ill. ii, no. 2393).
189
Schofield R. S. Parliamentary Lay Taxation, 1485–1547. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation, 1963. fos. 198–215.
190
Schofield R. S. Parliamentary Lay Taxation, 1485–1547, table 40 (facing fo. 416); Kelly M. J. Canterbury Jurisdiction and Influence during the Episcopate of William Warham, 1503–1532. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation, 1963. fos. 301, 316–317.
191
Dietz F. C. English Public Finance, 1485–1641. 2 vols.; Urbana, Ill., 1921; 2nd edn., London, 1964. i. 90–102; Wolffe. Crown Lands. P. 84–85.
192
Henry VIII [an edition of Hall’s Chronicle] / Ed. C. Whibley. 2 vols., London, 1904. i. 286–287; The Anglica Histona of Polydore Vergil / Ed. D. Hay. Camden Society, 3rd ser. 74, London, 1950. P. 306; Two Early Tudor Lives / Ed. Sylvester, Harding. Р. 206; Original Letters Illustrative of English History, 1st ser. / Ed. H. Ellis. 3 vols.; 2nd edn., London, 1825. i. 221; LP III. ii, no. 2484; BL Cotton MS Cleopatra F. VI, fos. 316–320; Goring. The General Proscription of 1522. P. 700.
193
Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 110–130; Guy. Wolsey and the Parliament of 1523.
194
Ellis, 1st ser. i. 221.
195
Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 115–117.
196
Henry VIII / Ed. Whibley. i. 287; Ellis, 1st ser. i. 221.
197
Henry VIII / Ed. Whibley. i. 287–288; Guy. Wolsey and the Parliament of 1523.
198
Schofield. Parliamentary Lay Taxation, table 40 (facing fo. 416).
199
Guy. Wolsey and the Parliament of 1523.
200
Henry E. Huntington Library, Ellesmere MS2472; PRO E159/303, communia Mich. rot. 1; PRO C193/3, fos. 24–25; LP III. ii, no. 3504.
201
Schofield. Parliamentary Lay Taxation, table 41 (facing fo. 432); Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 118, 122–123.
202
Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 53–72.
203
Henry VIII / Ed. Whibley. ii. 37; Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 154.
204
Henry VIII / Ed. Whibley. ii. 36; Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 154.
205
MacCulloch D. Suffolk and the Tudors: Politics and Religion in an English County, 1500–1600. Oxford, 1986. P. 290–293; Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 136–148.
206
MacCulloch D. Suffolk and the Tudors. Р. 293.
207
Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 56–60; MacCulloch D. Suffolk and the Tudors. Р. 293.
208
LP IV. ii, nos. 3318, 3360; The English Court / Ed. Starkey. P. 105–107; Starkey. Privy Secrets: Henry VIII and the Lords of the Council // History Today, 37. Aug. 1987. P. 27–28.
209
Bodleian Library MS Laud. Misc. 597, fos. 24–31.
210
Мнение A. F. Pollard (Wolsey [London, 1929], 121–122, 161–164, 330–332) оспаривают D. S. Chambers в Cardinal Wolsey and the Papal Tiara // Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 38. 1965. P. 20–30, и Scarisbrick. Henry VIII. P. 46–48, 107–110. Этот вопрос не полностью разрешен, однако они согласны, что Поллард существенно преувеличил личное стремление Уолси стать папой римским; Wilkie. Cardinal Protectors. P. 125–141.
211
LP ill. ii, no. 1960.
212
McKenna J. W. How God Became an Englishman’, in D. J. Guth and McKenna (eds.), Tudor Rule and Revolution (Cambridge, 1982), 25–43.
213
Ellis, 1st ser. i. 136 (LP II. ii, no. 2911). Дополнительные доказательства «имперскости» суверенной власти Герниха VIII можно найти у Ullmann W. “This Realm of England is an Empire” // Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 30. 1979. P. 175–203.
214
Точка зрения Скарисбрика (Henry VIII. P. 49–162), что «политика Уолси была политикой мира, и около пятнадцати лет он старался воплотить ее в жизнь», успешно опровергнута в: Gwyn P. J. Wolsey’s Foreign Policy: The Conferences at Calais and Bruges Reconsidered // Historical Journal, 23. 1980. P. 755–772. Мы безмерно обязаны автору своим описанием событий. См. также: Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 3–45.
215
Gwyn. Wolsey’s Foreign Policy.
216
St. Pap. i. 51.
217
LP ill. ii, no. 2755.
218
LP III. ii, nos. 2948, 2952, 2966–2967, 2984, 2996, 2998, 3071–3072, 3107, 3114–3116, 3118, 3123, 3134, 3138, 3149, 3153–3154, 3194, 3203, 3207, 3215, 3220–3225, 3232–3233, 3268, 3271–3273, 3281, 3291, 3307; PRO SP 1/27, fos. 189–204 (LPlll, ii, no. 2958); Guy, ‘Wolsey and the Parliament of 1523’.
219
LP Ш. ii, nos. 2476, 2728.
220
What say ye of the Scottish king? / That is another thing. / He is but an youngling. / A stalworthy stripling. / There is a whispering and a whipling / He should be hither brought; / But and it were well sought, / I trow all will be nought.
221
Complete English Poems // Ed. Scattergood. Р. 287.
222
St. Pap. i. 143; Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 44–45.
223
Gunn S. J. The Duke of Suffolk’s March on Paris in 1523 // English Historical Review, 101. 1986. P. 596–634.
224
Scarisbrick. Henry VIII, p. 136.
225
Bernard. War, Taxation and Rebellion. P. 30–31.
226
Henry E. Huntington Library, Ellesmere MS6109; LP II. i, no. 1313; Guy J. A. Henry VIII and the Praemunire Manoeuvres of 1530–1531 // English Historical Review, 97. 1982. P. 495–498.
227
Дискуссию о противоречиях между «общим правом» и «кесаропапистской» теорией верховенства монарха см. в: Fox A. G., Guy J. A. Reassessing the Henrician Age: Humanism, Politics, and Reform, 1500–1550. Oxford, 1986. P. 164–173.
228
Kelly. Canterbury Jurisdiction and Influence, fos. 148–206; Pollard. Wolsey. P. 165–216; Knowles D. The Religious Orders in England, iii. The Tudor Age. Cambridge, 1959; repr. 1971. P. 157–164.
229
LP HI. i, no. 1122 (misdated).
230
Wilkie. Cardinal Protectors. Р. 158.
231
LP ill. i, nos. 77, 693; LP IV. i, nos. 80, 953; LP IV. ii, no. 4900; LP IV. iii, nos. 5607–5608, 5638–5639; The York Provinciate / Ed. R. M. Woolley. London, 1931; Knowles. Religious Orders, iii. 159–160; Heath P. The English Parish Clergy on the Eve of the Reformation. London, 1969. P. 189–190; House S. B. Sir Thomas More and Holy Orders: More’s Views of the English Clergy, both Secular and Regular. Unpublished University of St Andrews Ph. D. dissertation, 1987, fo. 105.
232
Heath. English Parish Clergy. P. 124–125.
233
The History of the University of Oxford, iii. The Collegiate University / Ed. J. K. McConica. Oxford, 1986. P. 26–32, 337–341; Taunton E. L. Thomas Wolsey, Legate and Reformer. London, 1902. P. 111.
234
Two Tudor Lives / Ed. Sylvester and Harding. Р. 24.
235
В католическом и лютеранском богослужении краткая молитва, обычно читаемая в начале мессы.
236
Two Tudor Lives / Ed. Sylvester and Harding. P. 24, 62.
237
Kelly. Canterbury Jurisdiction and Influence, fos. 164–173.
238
Wilkie. Cardinal Protectors. P. 157–158; Pollard A. F. Henry VIII. London, 1902; new edn., 1951, repr. 1963. P. 190. Сходный тезис утверждал П. Гуин (P. J. Gwyn) в двух неопубликованных докладах, которые мне посчастливилось слышать, за что выражаю свою искреннюю благодарность.
239
Sylvester and Harding (eds.), Two Tudor Lives. Р. 183.
240
«Если кто возьмет жену брата своего: это гнусно; он открыл наготу брата своего, бездетны будут они» (Левит, 20: 21).
241
«Если братья живут вместе, и один из них умрет, не имея у себя сына, то жена умершего не должна выходить на сторону за человека чужого, но деверь должен войти к ней и взять ее себе в жены, и жить с нею» (Второзаконие, 25: 5).
242
Официально ни один ребенок Мэри Болейн не был признан королевским бастардом, однако факт близости с Мэри Болейн Генрих использовал в 1536 году при расторжении брака с Анной.
243
Murphy V. M. The Debate over Henry VIII’s First Divorce: An Analysis of the Contemporary Treatises. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation, 1984.
244
Lupton J. H. A Life of John Colet. London, 1887; 2nd edn., 1909. P. 299.
245
Davis J. F. Heresy and Reformation in the South-East of England, 1520–1559. London, 1983.
246
Aston M. Lollardy and the Reformation: Survival or Revival? // History, 49. 1964. P. 149–170.
247
Wallace D. D. Puritans and Predestination: Grace in English Protestant Theology, 1525–1695. Chapel Hill, NC, 1982. P. 1–15; Davies H. Worship and Theology in England from Cranmer to Hooker, 1534–1603. Princeton, NJ, 1970. P. 95–103; Davis. Heresy and Reformation. P. 26–65.
248
Wallace. Puritans and Predestination. P. 12–13.
249
Благодаря докладу профессора Ричарда Мариуса, содержащемуся в документах семинара Института Фолджера, у меня сформировалось лучшее понимание политических взглядов Тиндейла.
250
Doctrinal Treatises and Introductions to Different Portions of the Holy Scriptures by William Tyndale / Ed. H. Walter. Cambridge: Parker Society, 1848. P. 177.
251
Guy J. A. Christopher St German on Chancery and Statute. London: Selden Society, 1985. P. 19–55.
252
Guy J. A. The Legal Context of the Controversy: The Law of Heresy // CW x. The Debellation of Salem and Bizance / Ed. Guy, R. Keen, С. H. Miller. New Haven, Conn., 1987. P. xlvii-lxvii.
253
PRO SP 6/2. P. 110–111.
254
CW ix. The Apology / Ed. J. B. TraP. New Haven, Conn., 1979. P. Ivi-vii.
255
The Correspondence of Sir Thomas More / Ed. E. F. Rogers. Princeton, NJ, 1947. P. 496.
256
Elton G. R. Reform and Reformation: England, 1509–1558. London, 1977. P. 130–56; Guy J. A. The Public Career of Sir Thomas More. Brighton, 1980. P. 113–174.
257
Marius R. Thomas More. New York, 1984. P. 397–401; Guy. Public Career. P. 167–171.
258
Two Early Tudor Lives / Ed. R. S. Sylvester, D. P. Harding. New Haven, Conn., 1962; repr. 1969. P. 228.
259
LP XVI, no. 101.
260
Doctor and Student / Ed. T. F. T. Plucknett, J. L. Barton. London: Selden Society, 1974. P. 327.
261
Ibid. P. 317.
262
Guy J. A. Henry VIII and the Praemunire Manoeuvres of 1530–1531 // English Historical Review, 97. 1982. P. 481–503; Bernard G. W. The Pardon of the Clergy Reconsidered // Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 37. 1986. P. 258–282.
263
The Collectanea is BL Cotton MS Cleopatra E. VI, fos. 16–135, обнаружено и проанализировано в Nicholson G. D. The Nature and Function of Historical Argument in the Henrician Reformation. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation, 1977; Fox A. G., Guy J. A. Reassessing the Henrician Age: Humanism, Politics, and Reform, 1500–1550. Oxford, 1986. P. 151–178.
264
C. Whibley (ed.), Henry VIII [an edition of Hall’s Chronicle]. 2 vols.; London, 1904. ii. 185.
265
LP V, no. 171; Sir Thomas More: Neue Briefe / Ed. H. Schulte Herbriiggen. Munster, 1966. P. 97.
266
Guy. Public Career, aP. 2 (P. 207–212).
267
Ives E. W. Anne Boleyn. Oxford, 1986. P. 195–214.
268
Elton G. R. Studies tn Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government. 3 vols.; Cambridge, 1974–1983. ii. 82–106.
269
Fox, Guy. Reassessing the Henrician Age. P. 162–163.
270
The House of Commons, 1509–1558 / Ed. S. T. Bindoff. 3 vols.; London, 1982. i. 10–11.
271
Ibid.
272
Elton G. R. The Tudor Constitution. Cambridge, 1960; 2nd edn., 1982. P. 364–365.
273
Scarisbrick J. J. Clerical Taxation in England, 1485 to 1547 // Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 11. 1960. P. 41–54.
274
Так в англиканстве именовался папа римский.
275
Elton G. R. Policy and Police: The Enforcement of the Reformation in the Age of Thomas Cromwell. Cambridge, 1972. P. 171–216.
276
Ibid. 231–243; Bevan A. S. The Role of the Judiciary in Tudor Government, 1509–1547. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation. 1985. chs. 7–8.
277
Elton. Policy and Police. P. 217–262.
278
Haigh C. Reformation and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire. Cambridge, 1975. P. 113; Bowker M. The Henrician Reformation: The Diocese of Lincoln under John Langland, 1521–1547. Cambridge, 1981. P. 137–139.
279
Miller H. Henry VIII and the English Nobility. Oxford, 1986. P. 68.
280
House of Commons, 1509–1558 / Ed. Bindoff. i. 12–13.
281
Chambers R. W. Thomas More. London, 1935; repr. 1957. P. 320; LP viii, no. 856. P. 326.
282
Fox, Guy. Reassessing the Henrician Age, p. 164.
283
Correspondence. Р. 498.
284
CWix. De Tristitia Christi / Ed. С. H. Miller. 2 vols.; New Haven, Conn., 1976. ii. 1073; Correspondence. Р. 498.
285
В 1537 году Уилсон принес клятву и был прощен; LPXII. i, no. 1330 (64).
286
Two Early Tudor Lives / Ed. Sylvester, Harding. P. 250.
287
Guy. Public Career. P. 75–77.
288
После расторжения брака короля с Екатериной Арагонской Мария была лишена титула принцессы Уэльской и объявлена бастардом. Та же участь постигла Елизавету, также вначале объявленную принцессой Уэльской, а затем бастардом. Ко времени женитьбы Генриха на Джейн Сеймур обе дочери короля считались незаконнорожденными, так как оба брака короля последовательно были признаны недействительными.
289
Warnicke R. M. Sexual Heresy at the Court of Henry VIII // Historical Journal, 30 (1987), 247–268; Ives. Anne Boleyn. P. 343–408.
290
Robertson M. L. Thomas Cromwell’s Servants: The Ministerial Household in Early Tudor Government and Society. Unpublished UCLA Ph. D. dissertation. 1975, fo. 316; The English Court: From the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War / Ed. D. R. Starkey, London, 1987. P. 110–115.
291
Sir Thomas Wyatt: The Complete Poems / Ed. R. A. Rebholz. London, 1978. P. 155.
292
Elton. Policy and Police. P. 383–400.
293
Calendar of Letters, Despatches, and State Papers Relating to the Negotiations between England and Spain, iv, pt. ii / Ed. P. de Gayangos. London, 1882. P. 623.
294
Youings J. The Dissolution of the Monasteries. London, 1971. P. 145.
295
Elton G. R. The Tudor Revolution in Government. Cambridge, 1953. P. 198; Schofield R. S. Parliamentary Lay Taxation, 1485–1547. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation. 1963. Table 40 (facing fo. 416); Kelly M. Canterbury Jurisdiction and Influence during the Episcopate of William Warham, 1503–1532. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation. 1963, fos. 312–313.
296
Elton. Studies, iii. 216–233; Alsop J. D. The Theory and Practice of Tudor Taxation // English Historical Review, 91. 1982. P. 5–7.
297
Dietz F. C. English Public Finance, 1485–1641. 2 vols., Urbana, Ill., 1921; 2nd edn., London, 1964. i. 137–149; Knowles D. The Religious Orders in England, iii. The Tudor Age. Cambridge, 1959; repr. 1971. P. 393–401; Youings. Dissolution of the Monasteries. P. 117–131; Fisher H. A. L. The History of England from the Accession of Henry VII to the Death of Henry VIII. 2nd edn., London, 1913, aP. 2. P. 499.
298
Starkey D. Court and Government // Revolution Reassessed: Revisions in the History of Tudor Government and Administration / Ed. C. Coleman, Starkey. Oxford, 1986. P. 45–46; The English Court / Ed. Starkey. P. 96–98.
299
Elton. Tudor Constitution. P. 143–144; The English Court / Ed. Starkey. P. 97–98.
300
LP XVII, no. 267; Starkey. Court and Government. P. 45; Alsop. Theory and Practice of Tudor Taxation. P. 19; The English Court / Ed. Starkey. P. 97–98.
301
Dietz, i. 130.
302
Gasquet F. A. Henry VIII and the English Monasteries. London, 1906. Table at p. 360 n. 1. По какой-то причине роспуск Уолтема откладывался, великий грабеж действительно завершился в январе 1540 года.
303
Knowles. Religious Orders, iii. 389–392, 402–417; Swales T. H. The Redistribution of the Monastic Lands in Norfolk at the Dissolution // Norfolk Archaeology, 34 /1. 1966. P. 14–44.
304
Dodds M. H., Dodds R. The Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536–1537, and the Exeter Conspiracy, 1538. 2 vols., Cambridge, 1915; Davies C. S. L. The Pilgrimage of Grace Reconsidered // Past and Present, no. 41. 1968. P. 54–76; Davies C. S. L. Popular Religion and the Pilgrimage of Grace // Order and Disorder in Early Modern England /A. Fletcher, J. Stevenson. Cambridge, 1985. P. 58–91; James M. E. Obedience and Dissent in Henrician England: The Lincolnshire Rebellion 1536 // Past and Present, no. 48. 1970. P. 3–78; Haigh C. The Last Days of the Lancashire Monasteries and the Pilgrimage of Grace. Chetham Society, 3rd ser. 17, 1969; Haigh C. Reformation and Resistance. P. 118–138; Smith R. B. Land and Politics in the England of Henry VIII: The West Riding of Yorkshire, 1530–1546. Oxford, 1970. P. 165–212; Harrison S. M. The Pilgrimage of Grace in the Lake Counties, 1536–1537. London, 1981.
305
Alack! Alack! / For the church sake / Poor commons wake, / And no marvel! / For clear it is / The decay of this / How the poor shall miss / No tongue can tell.
306
Fletcher A. Tudor Rebellions. London, 1968; 2nd edn., 1973. P. 24.
307
Davies. Popular Religion and the Pilgrimage of Grace. P. 68–72.
308
Ibid. P. 75–78.
309
Elton. Studies, iii. 183–215; James. Obedience and Dissent. P. 51–68; Smith. Land and Politics. Р. 208; Davies. Popular Religion and the Pilgrimage of Grace. P. 89–91.
310
LP VII, no. 1206.
311
Davies. Popular Religion and the Pilgrimage of Grace. P. 90; James. Obedience and Dissent. P. 57–68.
312
James. Obedience and Dissent. P. 62–63; Smith. Land and Politics. P. 171–176.
313
Dodds. Pilgrimage of Grace, ii. 297–327; Elton. Reform and Reformation. P. 279–281. Графиня была осуждена по акту дознавателя в мае 1539 года.
314
All Souls College, Oxford, MS258, fo. 64; Block J. S. Religious Nonconformity and Social Conflict: Philip Gammon’s Star Chamber Story // Albion, 13. 1981. P. 331–346; cf. Guy. Christopher St German. P. 27–28, 131.
315
Merriman R. B. Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell. 2 vols. Oxford, 1902. ii. 129. В описании начала карьеры Томаса Кромвеля использована информация из следующих работ: Merriman R. B. Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell. i. 1–55; Elton R. Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government. 3 vols.; 1974–1983. ii. 215–235, iii. 373–390; Merriman R. B. Reform and Renewal: Thomas Cromwell and the Common Weal. Cambridge, 1973; Slavin A. J. The Gutenberg Galaxy and the Tudor Revolution // Print and Culture in the Renaissance: Essays on the Advent of Printing in Europe / Ed. G. P. Tyson, S. S. Wagonheim. Newark, NJ, 1986. P. 90–109.
316
The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe / Ed. G. Townsend. 8 vols.; London, 1843–1849, v. 362–403.
317
Pocock J. G. A. The Machiavellian Moment. Princeton, NJ, 1975. P. 277.
318
Fox A. G., Guy J. A. Reassessing the Henrician Age: Humanism, Politics, and Reform, 1500–1550. Oxford, 1986. P. 143–144; Burnet G. History of the Reformation of the Church of England. 3 vols. in 6 parts. Oxford, 1820, I. ii. 278–279; Starkey D. R. Privy Secrets: Henry VIII and the Lords of the Council // History Today, 37. Aug. 1987. P. 30.
319
Основные работы по этой теме: Elton G. R. The Tudor Revolution in Government. Cambridge, 1953; Elton G. R. Reform and Reformation: England 1509–1558. London, 1977; Elton G. R. Studies, i. 173–188, iii. 373–390; Elton G. R. The Tudor Revolution: A Reply // Past and Present, no. 29. 1974. P. 26–49; Elton G. R. A New Age of Reform? // Historical Journal, 30. 1987. P. 709–716; Revolution Reassessed: Revisions in the History of Tudor Government and Administration / Ed. C. Coleman, D. R. Starkey. Oxford, 1986; Fox, Guy. Reassessing the Henrician Age; Hoak D. E. The Secret History of the Tudor Court: The King’s Coffers and the King’s Purse, 1542–1553 // Journal of British Studies, 26. 1987. P. 208–231; Williams P., Harriss G. L. A Revolution in Tudor History? // Past and Present, no. 25. 1963. P. 3–58; Williams P., Harriss G. L. A Revolution in Tudor History? ibid., no. 31. 1965. P. 87–96; The English Court: From the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War / Ed. D. R. Starkey. London, 1987.
320
Elton. Tudor Revolution, esp. P. 415–416, 420, 426–427.
321
The English Court / Ed. Starkey, passim.
322
Alsop J. D. The Structure of Early Tudor Finance, c. 1509–1558 // Revolution Reassessed / Ed. Coleman, Starkey. P. 135–162; Hoak. Secret History of the Tudor Court, esp. P. 215–231; Elton. A New Age of Reform? P. 714–715.
323
Elton. Tudor Revolution, p. 416.
324
Oxford English Dictionary, s. v. ‘revolution’.
325
Bacon’s Works / Ed. Chandos, 102; цит. в: The English Court / Ed. Starkey, p. 21.
326
The English Court / Ed. Starkey. Р. 21.
327
Davis N. Z. Poor Relief, Humanism and Heresy. The Case of Lyon // Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History, 5. 1968. P. 217–275; Grimm H. J. Luther’s Contributions to Sixteenth-century Organization of Poor Relief // Archiv fhr Reformationsgeschichte, 61. 1970. P. 222–234; Heller H. Famine, Revolt and Heresy at Meaux, 1521–1525. ibid. 68. 1977. P. 133–156; Kingdon R. M. Social Welfare in Calvin’s Geneva // American Historical Review, 76. 1971. P. 50–69; Pullan B. Rich and Poor in Renaissance Venice. Oxford, 1971. P. 239–291; Some Early Tracts on Poor Relief / Ed. F. R. Salter. London, 1926.
328
De la vicissitude ou variete des choses en 1’univers. Paris, 1579; Davis N. Z. A New Montaigne. The New York Review of Books. 19 Nov. 1987. P. 53.
329
Guy J. A. Christopher St German on Chancery and Statute. London: Selden Society, 1985. P. 25–33, 127–135; Guy J. A. The Tudor Commonwealth: Revising Thomas Cromwell // Historical Journal, 23. 1980. P. 681–687; Elton G. R. Reform and Renewal. P. 66–157; Elton G. R. English Law in the Sixteenth Century: Reform in an Age of Change // Studies, iii. 274–288; Elton G. R. A New Age of Reform? P. 716. Несмотря на то что Сен-Жермен не был лютеранином, многие его мысли о церкви и помощи бедным предвосхищались в брошюре Лютера The Address to the German Nobility, 1520. Slavin A. J. Upstairs, Downstairs: Or the Roots of Reformation. Huntington Library Quarterly. 1986. P. 243–260; Grimm. Luther’s Contributions to Sixteenth-century Organization of Poor Relief. P. 225–233.
330
Elton. Tudor Revolution. P. 316–52; Elton. Studies, iii. 21–38.
331
Ellis S. G. Reform and Revival: English Government in Ireland, 1470–1534. London, 1986. P. 31–48; A Collection of Ordinances and Regulations for the Government of the Royal Household. London, 1790. P. 159–160; Guy J. A. The Privy Council: Revolution or Evolution? // Revolution Reassessed / Ed. Coleman, Starkey. P. 67–68; Fox, Guy. Reassessing the Henrician Age. P. 135–136.
332
PRO SP 1/59, fo. 77; SP 1/235, fo. 37; LP IV. iii, aP. 67; LP Add. I, no. 481.
333
27 Henry VIII, c. 63. Вдохновителем принятия Закона Кале был сэр Уильям Фицуильям (впоследствии граф Саутгемптон). См.: Starkey. Privy Secrets. Р. 31.
334
LP Add. I, no. 944.
335
LP VI, no. 551.
336
The English Court / Ed. Starkey. P. 16–20.
337
LP VI, no. 1071.
338
Guy. Privy Council. P. 68–75. Cf. Starkey. Privy Secrets. P. 29–31.
339
LPXIII. i, no. 1 (неверно датировано LP 1538 годом); как следует из самого документа, он был составлен вскоре после подавления «Благодатного паломничества». Guy. Privy Council. P. 74–85; Guy. The Court of Star Chamber and its Records to the Reign of Elizabeth I. London, 1985. P. 6–8.
340
Elton. Studies, iii. 27–28.
341
Elton G. R. Revisionism Reassessed: The Tudor Revolution a Generation Later // Encounter. issue for July/Aug. 1986. P. 38, где говорится, что Кромвель создал Тайный совет «до первых признаков восстания в Линкольншире, о чем говорит исключение лорд-мэра Лондона, который прежде всегда назначался в Совет».
342
BL Lansdowne MS160, fo. 312; St. Pap. i. 384–385; LPAdd. I, no. 1053.
343
BL Lansdowne MS160, fo. 312; St. Pap. i. 384–385; LPAdd. I, no. 1053; Elton. Studies, iii. 27 n. 55 (где зафиксирована ссылка на LP VII, no. 1060, она не относится к мэру Лондона); Stow J. Survey of London / Ed. G. B. Wheatley. London, 1912; rev. edn. 1956, repr. 1970. P. 469.
344
LP Add. I, no. 1053, процитировано в: Elton. Studies, iii. 27–28. Факт состоит в том, что Уоррен просто исчезает из протоколов, как и другие второстепенные советники и судьи. Однако, учитывая малочисленность источников и то, что подобные разнообразные исчезновения случаются в совершенно разное время, сей факт никак не проливает свет на вопрос о дате исключения лорд-мэра Лондона из состава Совета.
345
Guy. Privy Council. P. 76–80; Fox, Guy. Reassessing the Henrician Age. P. 121–147.
346
Guy. Privy Council. P. 78–79; Starkey. Privy Secrets. P. 29–31; Elton. Studies, i. 190–200. По-новому представлен этот вопрос в: Mayer T. F. Thomas Starkey and the Commonweal: Humanist Politics and Religion in the Reign of Henry VIII. Cambridge, 1988. Однако идеологический вклад по-прежнему более мощно подчеркивается в: Starkey D. R. The Lords of the Council: Aristocracy, Ideology, and the Formation of the Tudor Privy Council, неопубликованный доклад, прочитанный на 101-м ежегодном собрании Американской исторической ассоциации, 27–30 декабря 1986 года. Я глубоко благодарен доктору Старки за то, что он выслал мне копию доклада до публикации.
347
Elton. Tudor Revolution. P. 330, 337; Guy. Privy Council. P. 77–80.
348
Elton. Tudor Revolution. P. 331, 338–339; Guy. Privy Council. P. 77–79.
349
Elton. Tudor Revolution. P. 331, 338.
350
St. Pap. i. 508.
351
Elton. Tudor Revolution, p. 338; Guy. Privy Council. Р. 77.
352
Repr. Humanist Scholarship and Public Order / Ed. D. S. Berkowitz. Washington DC: Folger Books, 1984. P. 181–182.
353
Guy. Privy Council. P. 78–80.
354
LP XIII. i, no. 1. К 1540 году из Совета 1536–1537 годов было удалено семь советников; Guy. Privy Council. Р. 79.
355
По этому вопросу, полагаю, критика доктора Старки моей книги Privy Council вполне уместна; см.: The Lords of the Council и Privy Secrets. P. 30–31.
356
PRO PC2/1. Р. 1; Guy. Privy Council. Р. 74.
357
См. с. 185–188.
358
Здесь я полемизирую с собственной книгой «Тайный совет», с. 85, соглашаясь с доктором Старки, что был не вполне конкретен относительно того, когда «чрезвычайный Совет» 1536–1537 годов стал зрелым Тайным советом 1540 года. См.: ‘The Lords of the Council’, and his ‘Privy Secrets’. P. 30–31.
359
The English Court / Ed. Starkey. Р. 21.
360
Главным образом см.: Hirst D. Court, Country, and Politics before 1629 // Faction and Parliament: Essays on Early Stuart History / Ed. K. Sharpe. Oxford, 1978. P. 105–137.
361
Smith R. B. Land and Politics in the England of Henry VIII: The West Riding of Yorkshire, 1530–46. Oxford, 1970. P. 123; Williams P. The Tudor Regime. Oxford, 1979.
362
The Governance of England / Ed. C. Plummer. Oxford, 1885; 2nd edn., 1926. P. 129.
363
Given-Wilson C. The Royal Household and the King’s Affinity: Service, Politics and Finance in England, 1360–1413. New Haven, Conn., 1986. P. 203–257.
364
Quoted in ibid. 219.
365
Morgan D. A. L. The House of Policy: The Political Role of the Late-Plantagenet Household, 1422–1485 // The English Court / Ed. Starkey. P. 64–67.
366
Ibid. P. 66.
367
Mousnier R. Le Conseil du Roi de Louis XII a la Revolution // Travaux du Centre de Recherches sur la Civilisation de 1’Europe Moderne, 6. Paris, 1970. P. 5–20.
368
Harsgor M. Recherches sur le personnel du Conseil du Roi sous Charles VIII et Louis XII. 4 vols. Lille, 1980; Decrue F. De consilio regis Francisci I. Paris, 1885; Guy J. A. The French King’s Council, 1483–1526 // Kings and Nobles in the Later Middle Ages: A Tribute to Charles Ross / Ed. R. A. Griffiths, J. Sherborne. Gloucester, 1986. P. 274–294.
369
La Monarchic de France / Ed. J. Poujol. Paris, 1961. esp. P. 135–142; The Monarchy of France / Ed. D. R. Kelley, J. H. Hexter, etal.(New Haven, Conn., 1981, esp. P. 73–81.
370
BL Cotton MS Titus B. l, fo. 466 (LP VII, no. 420).
371
Об этой политике в конце Средних веков см. в: Given-Wilson. Royal Household and the King’s Affinity. P. 203–217.
372
Классификация такова: 50 королевских рыцарей, 70 королевских оруженосцев, 69 герольдмейстеров, 65 помощников герольдмейстера, 82 мажордома личных покоев, 39 хранителей личных покоев, 68 камердинеров и 50 пажей личных покоев. Эти цифры предварительны и получены в результате моего текущего исследования.
373
Среди них герцог Саффолк, сэр Томас Чейни, сэр Уильям Сэндис, сэр Уильям Парр, сэр Томас Болейн, сэр Уильям Фицуильям, сэр Энтони Брауни, сэр Джон Рассел и сэр Эдвард Сеймур.
374
BL Cotton MS Titus B. l, fo. 184 (LP III. i, no. 576 (3).
375
LP III. i, no. 578; Miller H. Henry VIII and the English Nobility. Oxford, 1986. P. 83–84.
376
LP II. i, no. 2735 (ошибочно датируется 1516 годом; верные данные см. на с. 1535); LP IV. i, no. 1939 (8).
377
Об этом процессе в действии до Булонской кампании 1544 года см.: LP XIX. i, nos. 273–276.
378
OED здесь под названием ‘manred’.
379
LP XIV. i. 643.
380
Несколько примеров см. в: The English Court / Ed. Starkey. P. 90–91.
381
St. Pap. i. 411–415, 545–547.
382
Jacob G. Law Dictionary, rev. T. E. Tomlins. 2 vols.; London, 1797, s. v. ‘posse comitatus’, ‘sheriff’; List of Sheriffs for England and Wales From the Earliest Times to AD1831. London, PRO, 1898; Smith. Land and Politics. P. 129–130; Given-Wilson. Royal Household and the King’s Affinity. P. 246–254.
383
Jacob. Law Dictionary, s. v. ‘coroner’, ‘escheator’, ‘constable’; Hunnisett R. F. The Medieval Coroner. Cambridge, 1961; Kent J. R. The English Village Constable, 1580–1642. Oxford, 1986.
384
Эта оценка основана на следующих работах: Zell M. L. Early Tudor JPs at Work // Archaeologia Cantiana, 93. 1977. P. 125–143; Forster G. C. F. The East Riding Justices of the Peace in the Seventeenth Century. East Yorks. Local History Society, York, 1973; Gleason J. H. The Justices of the Peace in England, 1558–1640. Oxford, 1969; Putnam B. Early Treatises on the Practice of the Justices of the Peace. Oxford, 1924.
385
LPiv. ii, nos. 3665, 3712, 3819, 3822; PRO E36/257, art. 6; Tudor Royal Proclamations, i. The Early Tudors / Ed. P. L. Hughes, J. F. Larkin. New Haven, Conn., 1964. P. 172–174; Calendar of State Papers, Venetian, 1527–1533. London, 1871. P. 701; Hodgett G. A. J. Tudor Lincolnshire. Lincoln, 1975; Jones M. K. Lady Margaret Beaufort, the Royal Council and an Early Fenland Drainage Scheme // Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, 21. 1986. P. 11–16.
386
PRO SP 1/14, fos. 108–113 (LP II. i, 2579*); дата установлена в: Henry E. Huntington Library, Ellesmere MS2652, fo. 7.
387
Henry E. Huntington Library, Ellesmere MS2655, fo. 15v; Ellesmere MS2652, fo. 12; PRO C254/161/25–26; Tudor Royal Proclamations / Ed. Hughes and Larkin. i. 153–154.
388
Zell. Early Tudor JPs at Work. P. 126–127; Smith. Land and Politics. P. 153–155, table 15.
389
St. Pap. iv. 155; Guy J. A. The Cardinal’s Court: The Impact of Thomas Wolsey in Star Chamber. Hassocks, 1977. P. 30–35, 72–78, 119–131.
390
Guy. Cardinal’s Court. P. 121–124.
391
Edwards J. G. The Principality of Wales, 1267–1967. Caernarvon, 1969; The Marcher Lordships of South Wales, 1415–1536 / Ed. T. B. Pugh. Cardiff, 1963; Griffiths R. A. The Principality of Wales in the Later Middle Ages: The Structure and Personnel of Government, i. South Wales, 1277–1536. Cardiff, 1972; Chrimes S. B. Henry VII. London, 1972; repr. 1977. P. 245–257; Williams P. The Council in the Marches of Wales under Elizabeth I. Cardiff, 1958. P. 3–15.
392
LPvi, nos. 386 (2), 1381 (1, 3), 1382; LP vn, no. 781; Roberts P. R. The “Acts of Union” and the Tudor Settlement of Wales. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation. 1966.
393
Roberts. The “Acts of Union” fos. 376–380; Williams. Council in the Marches of Wales. P. 21–33; Rees W. The Union of England and Wales // Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion. 1937. P. 27–100.
394
Reid R. R. The King’s Council in the North. London, 1921; repr. 1975. P. 149–159; Haigh C. Reformation and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire. Cambridge, 1975. P. 136–137; Smith. Land and Politics. P. 155–159.
395
LPxiV. i, no. 743; Youings J. A. The Council of the West // Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser. 10. 1960. P. 41–60; Willen D. John Russell, First Earl of Bedford: One of the King’s Men. London, 1981. P. 30–31, 39, 65–68, 76–79, 81.
396
Harold Garrett-Goodyear R. Revival of Quo Warranto and Early Tudor Policy towards Local governors, 1485–1540. Unpublished Harvard University Ph. D. dissertation. 1973, fo. 429.
397
27 Hen. VIII, c. 24.
398
Garrett-Goodyear, fo. 561.
399
The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe / Ed. G. Townsend. 8 vols. London, 1843–9, v. 378. P. 403.
400
Elton G. R. Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government. 3 vols. Cambridge, 1974–1983. iii. 377–378.
401
EHDv. 1485–1558 / Ed. С. H. Williams. London, 1967, nos. 113, 115.
402
Whiting R. The Reformation in the South-West of England. Unpublished Exeter Ph. D. dissertation. 1977. fos. 168–178, 253–265; Brigden S. E. The Early Reformation in London, 1520–1547: The Conflict in the Parishes. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation. 1979. fo. 199; Clark P. English Provincial Society from the Reformation to the Revolution: Religion, Politics, and Society in Kent, 1500–1640. Hassocks, 1977. P. 34–68; The English Reformation Revised / Ed. C. Haigh. Cambridge, 1987. P. 12–13.
403
EHDv, no. 112; Ridley J. Thomas Cranmer. Oxford, 1962; repr. 1966. P. 113–115; Elton G. R. Reform and Renewal: Thomas Cromwell and the Common Weal. Cambridge, 1973. P. 35.
404
Reassessing the Henrician Age: Humanism, Politics, and Reform, 1500–1550 / Ed. A. G. Fox, J. A. Guy. Oxford, 1986. P. 199–205.
405
EHD v, no. 114; Ridley. Cranmer. P. 121–126.
406
Ridley. Cranmer. P. 131–153. Это был второй брак Кранмера, его первая жена умерла; Ibid. P. 16–17.
407
Brooks P. N. The Principle and Practice of Primitive Protestantism in Tudor England: Cranmer, Parker and Grindal as Chief Pastors, 1535–1577 // Reformation Principle and Practice / Ed. Brooks. London, 1980. P. 121–133.
408
Brigden. Early Reformation in London. fos. 118–122. P. 142–147; Lyons S. M. Conflict and Controversy: English Bishops and the Reformation, 1547–1558 // Unpublished Brown University Ph. D. dissertation. 1980. fos. 49–90; Block J. Thomas Cromwell’s Patronage of Preaching // Sixteenth-century Journal, 8. 1977. P. 37–50; Ridley. Cranmer. P. 125–130.
409
Slavin A. J. The Rochepot Affair // Sixteenth-century Journal, 10. 1979. P. 3–19; Whiting. Reformation in the South-West. fos. 36, 49.
410
Guy J. A. The Public Career of Sir Thomas More. Brighton, 1980. P. 110–111; H. A. L. Fisher. The History of England from the Accession of Henry VII to the Death of Henry VIII. London, 1913. P. 442; Ridley. Cranmer. P. 254–255; Swensen P. C. Noble Hunters of the Romish Fox: Religious Reform at the Tudor Court, 1543–1564. Unpublished UC Berkeley Ph. D. dissertation. 1981. fos. 160–174.
411
Knecht R. J. Francis I. Cambridge, 1982. P. 248–252; Knecht R. J. Francis I, “Defender of the Faith”? // Wealth and Power in Tudor England / Ed. E. W. Ives, R. J. Knecht, J. J. Scarisbrick. London, 1978. P. 106–127.
412
Redworth G. A Study in the Formulation of Policy: The Genesis and Evolution of the Act of Six Articles // Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 37. 1986. P. 42–67; Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell / Ed. R. B. Merriman. 2 vols. Oxford, 1902. i. 233–237.
413
Foxe, v. 230. На Тайной вечере Христос сказал: «Сие есть тело мое, которое за вас предается; сие творите в Мое воспоминание» (Евангелие от Луки, 22: 19).
414
The History of the King’s Works iv. 1485–1660. Part II / Ed. H. M. Colvin. London, 1982. P. 6–7, 369–401.
415
Вероятнее всего, имеется в виду Мария де Гиз, к тому времени овдовевшая в первом браке герцогиня Лонгвиль.
416
Вильгельм V Богатый, герцог Юлих-Клеве-Берг.
417
Redworth. The Genesis and Evolution of the Act of Six Articles. P. 45–67; Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell / Ed. Merriman. i. 285–292.
418
Redworth. The Genesis and Evolution of the Act of Six Articles. P. 42–67; Elton. Studies, iii. 221–222; Starkey D. R. Privy Secrets: Henry VIII and the Lords of the Council // History Today. Aug. 1987. P. 30–31; Lehmberg S. E. The Later Parliaments of Henry VIII, 1536–1547. Cambridge, 1977. P. 57–74.
419
31 Henry VIII, c. 10; Starkey D. R. The Lords of the Council: Aristocracy, Ideology, and the Formation of the Tudor Privy Council (неопубликованный доклад, прочитанный на 101-м ежегодном собрании Американской исторической ассоциации 27–30 декабря 1986 года; я глубоко благодарен доктору Старки за то, что он прислал мне копию); Lehmberg. Later Parliaments. P. 299.
420
Miller H. Henry VIII and the English Nobility. Oxford, 1986. P. 113–116; Starkey D. R. History without Politics // Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 28. 1977. P. 397–400.
421
The English Court: From the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War / Ed. D. R. Starkey. London, 1987. P. 114–116.
422
Potter D. L. Diplomacy in the Mid-Sixteenth Century: England and France, 1536–1550. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation, 1973. fos. 27–35; Merriman. Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell. i. 284–285.
423
The Lisle Letters / Ed. M. St Clare Byrne. 6 vols.; Chicago, 1981. vi. 61–66.
424
Ibid. 58–59.
425
Elton G. R. Reform and Reformation: England, 1509–1558. Cambridge, 1977. P. 290.
426
Lisle Letters, vi. 74–234; Slavin A. J. Cromwell, Lisle and the Calais Sacramentarians: The Politics of Conspiracy // Albion, 9. 1977. P. 316–336.
427
LP xv, no. 850 (11).
428
Головной убор, разновидность берета Тюдоровской эпохи, круглая мягкая шляпа с небольшими полями.
429
Sir Thomas Wyatt: The Complete Poems / Ed. R. A. Rebholz. London, 1978. P. 86.
430
The pillar perished is whereto I leant, / The strongest stay of mine unquiet mind; The like of it no man again can find.
431
Elton. Studies, i. 189–230; Merriman. Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell, i. 285–302; Redworth G. Whatever happened to the English Reformation? // History Today. Oct. 1987. P. 36.
432
Guy J. A. The Privy Council: Revolution or Evolution? // Revolution Reassessed: Revisions in the History of Tudor Government and Administration / Ed. C. Coleman, D. R. Starkey. Oxford, 1986. P. 74; Slavin A. J. Politics and Profit: A Study of Sir Ralph Sadler, 1507–1547. Cambridge, 1966. P. 140–144; LP XVI, no. 394 (6).
433
Starkey. Privy Secrets. P. 30–31; Starkey. Stewart Serendipity: A Missing Text of the Modus Tenendi Parliamentum // Fenway Court. 1986. P. 38–49; Starkey. The Lords of the Council; Mayer T. F. Thomas Starkey and the Commonweal: Humanist Politics and Religion in the Reign of Henry VIII. Cambridge, 1988.
434
Остальные десять членов Тайного совета посещали заседания значительно реже. В число девяти входили граф Хартфорд (лорд-адмирал, 1542–1543; лорд – управляющий двором, 1543–1547; позже лорд-протектор Сомерсет); лорд Рассел (лорд-адмирал, 1540–1543; лорд – хранитель Малой печати, 1542–1555); лорд Сент-Джон (лорд-управляющий; лорд – президент Тайного совета, 1545–1550); сэр Томас Райотсли (лорд-канцлер, 1544–1547); Стивен Гардинер (епископ Винчестер); сэр Джон Гейдж (управляющий королевским двором); сэр Энтони Браун (королевский конюший); сэр Энтони Уингфилд (помощник управляющего королевским двором) и сэр Уильям Пэджет (генеральный секретарь, 1543–1547). Посещаемость была вычислена по APC i. (London, 1890), 3–302. Я глубоко благодарен профессору Славину, который предложил мне этот полезный способ получения информации.
435
Дядя королевы Екатерины Говард.
436
Речь, скорее всего, идет о кишечном заболевании. Есть предположения о холере или дезинтерии.
437
Кардинал Дэвид Битон находился в заключении в замке Далкит, принадлежащем фамилии Дуглас.
438
Противостояние проанглийской партии, возглавляемой регентом графом Арраном, и профранцузской, возглавляемой королевой-матерью Марией де Гиз и кардиналом Битоном, продолжалось несколько лет, до тех пор, пока не появилась возможность заключить для Марии Стюарт французский брак.
439
Начались войны «грубого сватовства». Термин, впрочем, возник намного позже события.
440
Дочь Маргариты Тюдор, вдовы Якова IV Стюарта, и старшей сестры Генриха VIII Тюдора, от Арчибальда Дугласа, 6-го графа Ангуса, бывшего регентом Шотландии во времена малолетства короля Якова V.
441
Мэтью Стюарт, граф Леннокс – один из претендентов на престол Шотландии по боковой линии, впоследствии на короткий срок – регент Шотландии при Якове VI.
442
Автор несколько преувеличивает масштаб военной помощи, оказываемой Генрихом Валуа Шотландии. Битон был не единственным главой профранцузской шотландской оппозиции, его смерть оказалась результатом внутренних конфликтов канцлера и шотландской знати (впрочем, его убийцам, осажденным в замке Сент-Эндрюс, англичане оказывали помощь морским путем).
443
LP XX. ii. P. xxxviii-xliv.
444
LP XXI. i, no. 1014.
445
Schofield R. S. Parliamentary Lay Taxation, 1485–1547. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation. 1963. Table 40 (facing fo. 416); Dietz F. C. English Public Finance, 1485–1641. 2 vols.; Urbana, Ill., 1921; 2nd edn., London, 1964. i. 144–177.
446
Существенная переоценка приведена в Gunn S. J. The French Wars of Henry VIII // The Origins of War in Early Modern Europe. London, 1987. P. 28–47.
447
History of the King’s Works / Ed. Colvin. iv. 373.
448
Alsop J. D. The Theory and Practice of Tudor Taxation // English Historical Review, 97. 1982. P. 1–30.
449
A Discourse of the Commonweal of this Realm of England / Ed. M. Dewar. Charlottesville, Va., 1969. P. 36, 89; Alsop. Theory and Practice ofTudor Taxation. P. 12–13.
450
Alsop. Theory and Practice ofTudor Taxation. P. 19–20; Hoak D. E. The Secret History of the Tudor Court: The King’s Coffers and the King’s Purse, 1542–1553 // Journal of British Studies, 26. 1987. P. 208–231.
451
Последующее описание в значительной степени строится на убедительной гипотезе, изложенной в: Redworth. Whatever happened to the English Reformation? P. 29–36. См. также: Davis. Heresy and Reformation in the South-East. P. 66–97.
452
Tudor Royal Proclamations, i. The Early Tudors / Ed. P. L. Hughes, J. F. Larkin. New Haven, Conn., 1964. P. 349–350.
453
Redworth. Whatever happened to the English Reformation?’ P. 34.
454
APC i. 127.
455
Miscellaneous Writings and Letters of Thomas Cranmer / Ed. J. E. Cox. Parker Society, Cambridge, 1846. P. 83 n. 1.
456
Muller J. A. Stephen Gardiner and the Tudor Reaction. New York, 1926. P. 104–105.
457
Lehmberg. Later Parliaments. P. 186–188.
458
Ibid. P. 198.
459
Clark. English Provincial Society. P. 60–66.
460
Muller. Stephen Gardiner. P. 109–110.
461
Ibid. P. 110–112; Ridley. Cranmer. P. 229–245; заслуживающие внимания документы напечатаны в: LP XVIII. ii. 546 (P. 291–378).
462
Clark. English Provincial Society. P. 59–61.
463
Дополнительную информацию о народной Реформации, представленную Кларком, см. в: Davis. Heresy and Reformation in the South-East. P. 80–97. Я искренне благодарен профессору А. Дж. Славину за дискуссию о заговоре пребендариев в Институте Фолджера.
464
Swensen. Noble Hunters of the Romish Fox. fos. 60–156, 192–208. См. также: Elton. Reform and Reformation. P. 318–330.
465
Foxe, v. 464–497.
466
Ibid. P. 464–497, 537–550, 553–561, aP. xvi; Davis. Heresy and Reformation in the South-East. P. 96–97; Slavin. The Fall of Lord Chancellor Wriothesley. P. 273–274.
467
Последующее изложение событий по поводу завещания Генриха VIII и регентского совета Эдуарда VI в значительной степени основано на новом исследовании профессора Дейла Хоука, в частности находке в библиотеке лондонской юридической школы Inner Temple копии завещания Генриха, датированной 13 декабря 1546 года. Этот текст был неизвестен предыдущим исследователям проблемы. Выражаю глубокую признательность профессору Хоуку за разрешение изучить его выводы до публикации. См.: Hoak D. E. The Reign of Edward VI. London, forthcoming.
468
APC i. 158–302; LP XX. ii, aP. 2.
469
Starkey D. R. Court and Government // Revolution Reassessed / Ed. Coleman, Starkey. P. 46–55.
470
LPxxi. i, no. 1537 (34).
471
Это самая важная находка профессора Хоука; см. его предстоящую работу Reign of Edward VI.
472
Я обязан этой информацией любезности профессора Хоука.
473
Foxe, vi. 163–164.
474
LP XXI. ii. 634; Miller H. Henry VIII’s Unwritten Will: Grants of Lands and Honours in 1547 // Wealth and Power in Tudor England / Ed. Ives et al. P. 87–105; Starkey D. R. From Feud to Faction: English Politics c. 1450–1550 // History Today, 32. Nov. 1982. P. 22.
475
Starkey. From Feud to Faction. P. 22. Профессор Хоук любезно предоставил мне текст фрагментов завещания короля.
476
Slavin. The Fall of Lord Chancellor Wriothesley. P. 268–270, 283–285.
477
Hoak D. E. The King’s Privy Chamber, 1547–1553 // Tudor Rule and Revolution / Ed. D. J. Guth, J. W. McKenna, Cambridge, 1982. P. 105–107; Hoak D. E. The King’s Council in the Reign of Edward VI. Cambridge, 1976. P. 118, 149–1451, 260–261, 325 n. 44.
478
Hoak. King’s Council. P. 233.
479
Томас Сеймур, барон Садли, без одобрения Регентского совета уговорил вдову короля Екатерину Парр вступить с ним в брак. Сомерсет был в бешенстве, но Садли поддержал король Эдуард. Под опекунством Екатерины Парр находилось несколько знатных молодых девушек, в том числе наследница престола принцесса Елизавета и вероятная наследница престола леди Джейн Грей. В пользу обручения последней с королем Эдуардом плел интриги Садли, но неудачно. Искомой власти Садли браком с Парр не добился, вдобавок скомпрометировав юную Елизавету недвусмысленными знаками внимания, ввиду чего та была выслана из дома Екатерины Парр в Вудсток. Сама Екатерина умерла вскоре после того, как родила единственного ребенка – Мэри Сеймур. Таким образом, Томас Сеймур вновь оказался завидным, но недальновидным женихом, потому как попытка жениться на сестре короля без одобрения Регентского совета и короля была государственной изменой.
480
Slavin. The Fall of Lord Chancellor Wriothesley. P. 271.
481
Bush M. L. The Government Policy of Protector Somerset. London, 1975. P. 1–6, 160–161.
482
Ibid. P. 7–39.
483
Ibid. 33; Dietz, i. 178–187; Alsop. Theory and Practice of Tudor Taxation. P. 23.
484
Bush. Protector Somerset. P. 100–126; King J. N. Freedom of the Press, Protestant Propaganda, and Protector Somerset // Huntington Library Quarterly, 40. 1976. P. 1–9.
485
APC ii. 312.
486
Brigden. Early Reformation in London. fos. 336, 364.
487
Bush. Protector Somerset. P. 119–123.
488
Scarisbrick J. J. The Reformation and the English People. Oxford, 1984. P. 112–131.
489
Foxe, v. 716–718; Hutton R. The Local Impact of the Tudor Reformations // The English Reformation Revised / Ed. C. Haigh. Cambridge, 1987. P. 114–138.
490
Hutton. Local Impact of the Tudor Reformations. P. 121, 125.
491
Foxe, v. 716–721.
492
Bush. Protector Somerset. P. 103.
493
Lords Journals, i. 331, 343.
494
Bush. Protector Somerset. P. 40–83; Elton. Studies. iii. 249–251.
495
Bush. Protector Somerset. P. 84–99; Cornwall J. Revolt of the Peasantry, 1549. London, 1977; Beer B. L. Rebellion and Riot: Popular Disorder in England during the Reign of Edward VI. Kent, Ohio, 1982. P. 38–139; Manning R. B. Violence and Social Conflict in Mid-Tudor Rebellions // Journal of British Studies, 16. 1977. P. 18–40; MacCulloch D. Kett’s Rebellion in Context // Past and Present, no. 84. 1979. P. 36–59; Youings J. A. The South-Western Rebellion of 1549 // Southern History, 1. 1979. P. 99–122.
496
Manning. Violence and Social Conflict. P. 28.
497
Ibid. P. 27.
498
Youings. South-Western Rebellion. P. 103–107, 114–115, 117–119.
499
MacCulloch. Kett’s Rebellion in Context. P. 58–59.
500
Bush. Protector Somerset. P. 98.
501
PRO SP 10/8, fos. 8–11.
502
Hoak D. E. The King’s Council in the Reign of Edward VI. Cambridge, 1976. P. 53–55, 241–258.
503
APC ii. 340–345; Hoak D. E. The King’s Privy Chamber, 1547–1553 // Tudor Rule and Revolution / Ed. D. J. Guth, J. W. McKenna. Cambridge, 1982. P. 91, 98–102.
504
Hoak. King’s Council. P. 55–71; Hoak. The King’s Privy Chamber. P. 93–94.
505
The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe / Ed. G. Townsend. 8 vols. London, 1843–1849. vi. 287–290.
506
Slavin A. J. The Fall of Lord Chancellor Wriothesley: A Study in the Politics of Conspiracy // Albion 7. 1975. P. 275; Stone L. Patriarchy and Paternalism in Tudor England: The Earl of Arundel and the Peasants Revolt of 1549 // Journal of British Studies, 13. 1974. P. 19–23.
507
Hoak D. E. Rehabilitating the Duke of Northumberland: Politics and Political Control, 1549–1553 // The Mid-Tudor Polity c. 1540–1560 / Ed. J. Loach, R. Tittier. London, 1980. P. 29–51; Hoak D. E. King’s Council. P. 91–110, 142–144, 146–1451, 262–268; Hoak D. E. The King’s Privy Chamber. P. 97–103.
508
Hoak. King’s Council. P. 73–76.
509
Очередность рассаживания на торжественных мероприятиях и место за столом были очень иллюстративны для обозначения положения в обществе в ту эпоху.
510
APC iii. 411; Hoak. King’s Council. P. 150–151.
511
Hoak. King’s Council. P. 199–201.
512
Hoak. Rehabilitating the Duke of Northumberland. P. 41–42; Lehmberg S. E. Sir Walter Mildmay and Tudor Government. Austin, Texas, 1964. P. 28–39; Richardson W. C. The History of the Court of Augmentations, 1536–1554. Baton Rouge, La., 1961. P. 111–196; Alsop J. D. The Structure of Early Tudor Finance, c. 1509–1558 // Revolution Reassessed: Revisions in the History of Tudor Government and Administration / Ed. C. Coleman, D. R. Starkey. Oxford, 1986. P. 135–162.
513
Hoak. King’s Council. P. 203–213; Hoak. The King’s Privy Chamber. P. 106–107; Dietz F. C. English Public Finance, 1485–1641. 2 vols.; Urbana, Ill., 1921; 2nd edn., London, 1964. i. 188–201.
514
APC iv. 109.
515
Alsop J. D. The Revenue Commission of 1552 // Historical Journal, T1. 1979. P. 511–533; Elton G. R. Mid-Tudor Finance. ibid., 20. 1977. P. 737–740; Elton G. R. The Tudor Revolution in Government. Cambridge, 1953. P. 230–238; The Report ojthe Royal Commission of 1552 / Ed. W. C. Richardson. Morgantown, W. Va., 1974; его же History of the Court of Augmentations. P. 197–213.
516
Documents Concerning the Negotiations of the Anglo-French Treaty of March 1550 // Camden Miscellany, XXVIII / Ed. D. L. Potter. Camden Society, 4th ser., 29. London, 1984. P. 58–180.
517
Лидер шотландской Реформации, основатель шотландской пресвитерианской церкви.
518
Beer B. L. Northumberland: The Political Career of John Dudley, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland. Kent, Ohio, 1973. P. 143. За день до смерти Нортумберленд заявил, что впервые принял протестантские догматы в 1537 году, тут есть противоречие. Его «исповедь» логична, поскольку он признал верховную власть Марии и надеялся, что она может пощадить его. Кроме того, Мария и Гардинер добивались обращения герцога в католичество в целях пропаганды. Ibid. P. 158–159; Hoak. King’s Council. P. 243.
519
Инфекционное заболевание неизвестной этиологии, в царствование Тюдоров было несколько эпидемий.
520
Spufford M. Puritanism and Social Control? // Order and Disorder in Early Modern England / Ed. A. Fletcher, J. Stevenson. Cambridge, 1985. P. 41–57.
521
Hutton R. The Local Impact of the Tudor Reformations // The English Reformation Revised / Ed. C. Haigh. Cambridge, 1987. P. 114–138; Strype J. The Life of the Learned Sir John Cheke, Knight. Oxford, 1821. P. 189–218.
522
Катализатором послужил гуманизм. И протестанты, и католики выступали за проекты социального обеспечения, так происходило, например, в Монсе, Ипре, Лионе, Венеции, Виттенберге, Нюрнберге и Страсбурге. Elton G. R. Reform and Renewal: Thomas Cromwell and the Common Weal. Cambridge, 1973; Elton G. R. Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government. 3 vols.; Cambridge, 1974–1983. ii. 137–154; Guy J. A. Christopher St German on Chancery and Statute. Selden Society, London, 1985. P. 28–32.
523
Slack P. Social Policy and the Constraints of Government, 1547–1558 // The Mid-Tudor Polity / Ed. Loach, Tittier. P. 94–115.
524
Davies H. Worship and Theology in England from Cranmer to Hooker, 1534–1603. Princeton, NJ, 1970. P. 106–111; Wallace D. D. Puritans and Predestination: Grace in English Protestant Theology, 1525–1695. Chapel Hill, NC, 1982. P. 3–19; Puritanism in Tudor England / Ed. H. C. Porter, London, 1970. P. 295–300.
525
Среднее количество, по правде говоря, дает искаженное представление: в 1550 году было напечтано 206 названий, затем выходило в среднем по 82 названия в год. После восстаний 1549 года Тайный совет снова ввел цензуру, назначив цензорами Петре, Смита и Сесила (APC312). King J. N., Freedom of the Press, Protestant Propaganda, and Protector Somerset // Huntington Library Quarterly, 40. 1976. P. 2–8.
526
Lords Journals, i. 384, 387.
527
The Two Liturgies… in the Reign of King Edward VI / Ed. J. Ketley. Parker Society, Cambridge, 1844. P. 179; Common Places of Martin Bucer / Ed. D. F. Wright. Appleford, 1972. P. 26.
528
Foxe, vi. 4–7.
529
Hutton. The Local Impact of the Tudor Reformations. P. 125–126.
530
Я обязан этой информацией любезности доктора Сьюзен Бригден. При Марии радикалов преследовали не только по обвинениям в ереси, но и, например, по обвинениям в сексуальных преступлениях. Cf. Loades D. M. The Reign of Mary Tudor: Politics, Government, and Religion in England, 1553–1558. London, 1979. P. 284.
531
Haigh C. Reformation and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire. Cambridge, 1975. P. 145.
532
Whiting R. The Reformation in the South-West of England. Unpublished Exeter University Ph. D. dissertation. 1977. fos. 295–297.
533
APC iii. 228.
534
Heal F. Of Prelates and Princes: A Study of the Economic and Social Position of the Tudor Episcopate. Cambridge, 1980. P. 126–150.
535
Hudson W. S. The Cambridge Connection and the Elizabethan Settlement of 1559. Durham, NC, 1980. P. 43–89.
536
Strype. Life of Cheke. P. 69–86.
537
5 & 6 Edw. VI, c. 1.
538
Lords Journals, i. 421; Graves M. A. R. The House of Lords in the Parliaments of Edward VI and Mary I: An Institutional Study. Cambridge, 1981. P. 81, 90.
539
Сарумский обряд (сарумский чин) – католический богослужебный обряд, практиковавшийся в Средние века в Солберийском кафедральном соборе. Изначально был местным чином, использовавшимся в диоцезе Солсбери, затем постепенно распространился на всю Англию. Со второй половины XVI века не применялся, но сильно повлиял на форму англиканской литургии, приведенной в «Книге общих молитв».
540
Davies. Worship and Theology. P. 201–210.
541
APC iv. 173.
542
Jones N. L. Fine Tuning the Reformation // Law and Social Change in British History / Ed. J. A. Guy, H. G. Beale. London, 1984. P. 86.
543
Дадли носил народное прозвище «злобный герцог», в отличие от «доброго герцога» Сомерсета.
544
Beer. Northumberland. P. 147–166; Hoak. Rehabilitating the Duke of Northumberland. P. 48–49; The Vita Mariae Angliae Reginae of Robert Wingfield of Brantham // Camden Miscellany, XXVIII / Ed. D. Mac-Culloch. Camden Society, 4th ser. 29. London, 1984. P. 181–301; Mac-Culloch D. A Rejoinder // Past and Present, no. 93. 1981. P. 172–173.
545
Традиционное описание правления Марии см. в: Loades. Mary Tudor; более благоприятная оценка в: Loach J. Parliament and the Crown in the Reign of Mary Tudor. Oxford, 1986. Основные положения даются в: Pogson R. H. Cardinal Pole: Papal Legate to England in Mary Tudor’s Reign. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation. 1972; Lemasters G. A. The Privy Council in the Reign of Queen Mary I. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation. 1971.
546
PRO LC2/4/2 (unfoliated); Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 30–31, 70–100, 119, 227, 252–284, 382–383, 412, 469; Somerset A. Ladies in Waiting: From the Tudors to the Present Day. New York, 1984. P. 48–60; Hoak D. E. Two Revolutions in Tudor Government: The Formation and Organization of Mary I’s Privy Council // Revolution Reassessed / Ed. Coleman, Starkey. P. 87–115. Профессор Хоук в настоящее время изучает положение при дворе Марии Тюдор.
547
Hoak. Two Revolutions. P. 104–113; Lemasters. The Privy Council. aP. 2; Guy J. A. The Court of Star Chamber and its Records to the Reign of Elizabeth I. London, 1985. P. 8–9.
548
Hoak. Two Revolutions. P. 106.
549
Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 109–139.
550
Ibid. P. 95–96, 124–129; Loades D. M. Two Tudor Conspiracies. Cambridge, 1965. P. 15–127.
551
Tudor Tracts, 1532–1588 / Ed. A. F. Pollard. London, 1903. P. 212.
552
Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 148–177; Haigh. Reformation and Resistance. P. 178–194; Oxley J. E. The Reformation in Essex to the Death of Mary. Manchester, 1965. P. 179–209; Loach. Parliament and the Crown. P. 74–90.
553
Браки Генриха объявлялись недействительными.
554
Pogson. Cardinal Pole. fos. 5–106; Pogson. Reginald Pole and the Priorities of Government in Mary Tudor’s Church // Historical Journal, 18. 1975. P. 3–20; Pogson. Revival and Reform in Mary Tudor’s Church: A Question of Money // Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 25. 1974. P. 249–265; Pogson. The Legacy of the Schism: Confusion, Continuity and Change in the Marian Clergy // The Mid-Tudor Polity / Ed. Loach, Tittier. P. 116–136; Fenlon D. Heresy and Obedience in Tridentine Italy: Cardinal Pole and the Counter Reformation. Cambridge, 1972.
555
Pogson. Cardinal Pole. fos. 139–235, 261–305; Pogson. Pole and the Priorities of Government. P. 8–20; Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 321–355.
556
Pogson. Cardinal Pole. fos. 236–260; Hutton. The Local Impact of the Tudor Reformations. P. 128–133; Whiting. The Reformation in the South-West. fos. 64–75, 205–223, 278–282; Oxley. Reformation in Essex. P. 190–191.
557
Pogson. Cardinal Pole. fos. 71–87; Davis J. F. Heresy and Reformation in the South-East of England, 1520–1559. London, 1983. P. 105–149; Oxley. Reformation in Essex. P. 210–237; Martin J. W. A Sidelight on Foxe’s Account of the Marian Martyrs // Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 58. 1985. P. 248–251; Brigden S. E. Youth and the English Reformation, repr. // Rebellion, Popular Protest and the Social Order in Early Modern England / Ed. P. Slack. Cambridge, 1984. P. 77–107; Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 332–333, 445–448. К 1558 году сожжения устраивали на рассвете, чтобы огласка была минимальной (ibid. 448).
558
Garrett С. H. The Marian Exiles: A Study in the Origins of Elizabethan Puritanism. Cambridge, 1938; repr. 1966; Bartlett K. R. The English Exile Community in Italy and the Political Opposition to Queen Mary I // Albion, 13. 1981. P. 223–241; Loades. Two Tudor Conspiracies. P. 151–175; Loach J. Pamphlets and Politics, 1553–1558 // Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 48. 1975. P. 31–44; Loach J. The Marian Establishment and the Printing Press // English Historical Review, 101. 1986. P. 135–148.
559
Pogson. Cardinal Pole. fos. 108–138; Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 230–233, 240, 349–350, 428–452.
560
Pogson. Cardinal Pole. fo. 313; Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 432–436.
561
Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 183–205, 291–316, 404–423.
562
Ibid. P. 276, 297–301, 386–387, 401 n. 116, 404–409; Davies C. S. L. England and the French War, 1557–1559 // The Mid-Tudor Polity / Ed. Loach, Tittier. P. 179–180; Alsop J. D. The Theory and Practice of Tudor Taxation // English Historical Review, 97. 1982. P. 1–30; Alsop J. D. Innovation in Tudor Taxation. ibid. 99. 1984. 83–93.
563
Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 204, 305–310, 414–418; Dietz, i. 208–209.
564
Coleman C. Artifice or Accident? The Reorganization of the Exchequer of Receipt, c. 1554–1572 // Revolution Reassessed / Ed. Coleman and Starkey. P. 163–198; Alsop. The Structure of Early Tudor Finance. ibid. 135–162; Salmon J. H. M. Society in Crisis: France in the Sixteenth Century. London, 1975. P. 303–306.
565
Coleman. Artifice or Accident? P. 164–178; Alsop. The Structure of Early Tudor Finance. P. 140–150.
566
Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 83–84, 168–170, 270–277; Graves. House of Lords. P. 58–119, 173–201; Graves. The Tudor Parliaments: Crown, Lords and Commons, 1485–1603. London, 1985. P. 99–113; The House of Commons, 1509–1558 / Ed. S. T. Bindoff. 3 vols. London, 1982. i. 4; D. E. Hoak, in Parliamentary History, 2. 1983. P. 232–234.
567
Loach. Parliament and the Crown. P. 172–235.
568
Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 274–275; Langbein J. H. Prosecuting Crime in the Renaissance. Cambridge, Mass., 1974. P. 1–125, 202–209, 248–251.
569
Goring J. J. Social Change and Military Decline in Mid-Tudor England // History, 60. 1975. P. 185–197; Cruickshank C. G. Elizabeth’s Army. Oxford, 1946; 2nd edn., 1966. P. 17–24; Boynton L. The Elizabethan Militia, 1558–1638. London, 1967. P. 7–12; Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 276, 386–387, 388–389; Davies. England and the French War. P. 183; Graves. House of Lords. P. 135, 150, 200.
570
Thomson G. S. Lords Lieutenants in the Sixteenth Century. London, 1923. P. 14–42; Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 382–388. Сначала были охвачены уязвимые районы графства; 12 апреля 1558 года Винчестеру дали общие полномочия на контроль графств, еще не находящихся в подобной юрисдикции.
571
Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 314, 411. Информацией о количестве королевских кораблей я обязан неопубликованному докладу доктора Саймона Адамса. Флот военного времени в основном состоял из торговых судов: 140 кораблей атаковали Брест в 1558 году.
572
Guy. The Court of Star Chamber and its Records. P. 57.
573
Loades. Two Tudor Conspiracies. P. 128–217.
574
Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 234–244, 365–395; Loades. Two Tudor Conspiracies. P. 172–174.
575
Davies. England and the French War. P. 159–172; Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 371–376.
576
Davies. England and the French War. P. 178–181; Loades. Mary Tudor. P. 377–379, 389–395.
577
Tudor Tracts, 1532–1588 / Ed. A. F. Pollard. London, 1903. P. 367–392; Anglo S. Spectacle, Pageantry, and Early Tudor Policy. Oxford, 1969. P. 344–359; The Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. C. Haigh. London, 1984. P. 2–3.
578
Therefore as civil war and shed of blood did cease; / When these two Houses were united into one: / So now, that jar shall stint and quietness increase, / We trust, O noble Queen! Thou wilt be cause alone!
579
Jablin, of Canaan King, had long, by force of arms, / Oppressed the Israelites; which for God’s people went: / But God minding, at last, for to redress their harms; / The worthy Deborah, as judge among them sent.
580
Tudor Tracts / Ed. Pollard. P. 387–388.
581
Ibid. P. 375–376; Collinson P. The Elizabethan Church and the New Religion // Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. Haigh. P. 176.
582
Historical Manuscripts Commission, Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Most Honourable the Marquis of Salisbury. 24 vols.; London, 1883–1976. ii. 462; Wernham R. B. Before the Armada: The Emergence of the English Nation, 1485–1588. New York. 1966. repr. 1972. P. 234; MacCaffrey W. T. The Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime: Elizabethan Politics, 1558–1572. London, 1969. P. 298–301; Adams S. L. Eliza Enthroned? The Court and its Politics // Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. Haigh. P. 72–77.
583
Fragmenta Regalia: Memoirs of Elizabeth, her Court and Favourites. London, 1824. P. 8–14.
584
MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 299; MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy, 1572–1588. Princeton, NJ, 1981. P. 16, 433–435; Adams S. L. The Protestant Cause: Religious Alliance with the West European Calvinist Communities as a Political Issue in England, 1585–1630. Unpublished Oxford D. Phil. dissertation. 1973. fos. 1–25.
585
Hudson W. S. The Cambridge Connection and the Elizabethan Settlement of 1559. Durham, NC, 1980. P. 9–42, 75–89; MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 27–40.
586
Сидни был женат на Мэри Дадли, сестре Эмброуза и Роберта. Отец поэта Филипа Сидни.
587
Fragmenta Regalia. P. 8.
588
Adams. Eliza Enthroned? P. 62–71; Adams. Faction, Clientage and Party: English Politics, 1550–1603 // History Today, 32. Dec. 1982. P. 33–39.
589
Collection of State Papers… left by William Cecil, Lord Burghley / Ed. S. Haynes, W. Murdin. 2 vols.; London, 1740–1759. ii. 760–761; Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. a. 459, fo. 9.
590
Adams. Eliza Enthroned? P. 67.
591
Folger Shakespeare Library, MSS Z. d.12–14, 16; MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 27–40, 289–295; MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 431–62; Adams. Eliza Enthroned? P. 59–71; Somerset A. Ladies in Waiting: From the Tudors to the Present Day. New York, 1984. P. 61–66. Я признателен доктору Саймону Адамсу за всестороннее изучение положения Сесила на посту секретаря.
592
Henry E. Huntington Library, Ellesmere MSS2580, 2625 (две версии одного и того же документа). См. Hoak D. E. The Secret History of the Tudor Court: The King’s Coffers and the King’s Purse, 1542–1553 // Journal of British Studies, 26. 1987. P. 230–231 и n. 89; The English Court: From the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War / Ed. D. R. Starkey. London, 1987. P. 13–14.
593
Adams. Eliza Enthroned? P. 72–77; MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 27–40, 126–130.
594
Somerset. Ladies in Waiting. P. 65; Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Marquis of Salisbury, i. 465; Wright P. A Change in Direction: The Ramifications of a Female Household, 1558–1603 // The English Court / Ed. Starkey. P. 153, n. 26.
595
Парры были кровными родственниками мачехи королевы, Екатерины Парр.
596
Adams. Faction, Clientage and Party. P. 37.
597
Ibid.; Adams. Eliza Enthroned? p. 63; Adams. Protestant Cause. fos. 25–35; MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 94–101, 106, 138–141, 245–254, 294–295, 301–307; MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 440–448, 455–462; MacCaffrey. Place and Patronage in Elizabethan Politics // Elizabethan Government and Society: Essays Presented to Sir John Neale / Ed. S. T. Bindoff, J. Hurstfield, С. H. Williams. London, 1961. P. 108–110.
598
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS L. b. 516.
599
Jones N. L. Faith by Statute: Parliament and the Settlement of Religion, 1559. London, 1982. P. 43–47; Hudson. Cambridge Connection. P. 131–137.
600
Burnet G. History of the Reformation of the Church of England. 3 vols. in 6 parts; London, 1820. II. ii. 450–455; Jones. Faith by Statute. P. 20–30; Jones. Elizabeth’s First Year: The Conception and Birth of the Elizabethan Political World // Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. Haigh. P. 32–33; Hudson. Cambridge Connection. P. 111–114.
601
Hudson. Cambridge Connection. P. 113; Burnet. History of the Reformation, II. ii. 451, 454.
602
Wemham. Before the Armada. P. 278–305; Jones. Faith by Statute. P. 50–54.
603
Jones. Faith by Statute. P. 83–103.
604
Ibid. P. 114–129; Hudson. Cambridge Connection. P. 121–123.
605
Jones. Faith by Statute. P. 129–151; Jones. Elizabeth’s First Year. P. 43–48; Hudson. Cambridge Connection. P. 93–99, 123–130.
606
Jones. Faith by Statute. P. 150.
607
Ibid. 160–168; Heal F. Of Prelates and Princes: A Study of the Economic and Social Position of the Tudor Episcopate. Cambridge, 1980. P. 204–213.
608
Jones. Faith by Statute. P. 104–112; Alexander G. Bishop Bonner and the Parliament of 1559 // Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, 56. 1983. P. 164–179.
609
Lords Journals, i. 568.
610
По брачному договору Маргариты Тюдор и завещанию Генриха VIII потомство Маргариты было исключено из линии наследования английского престола, однако Генриху было выгодно забыть об этом, втягивая «возлюбленную дочь» Марию Стюарт в конфронтацию с Елизаветой.
611
Мария де Гиз, королева-мать, была популярным политическим деятелем в Шотландии – в отличие от графа Аррана, который проводил проанглийскую политику и покинул пост с растратами в казне чудовищного размера. Однако удалить его с поста регента в пользу королевы-матери было сложно и заняло много времени ввиду могущества семьи Гамильтон и его родства с правящей династией Стюартов.
612
Речь идет об устранении с поста регента самой Марии де Гиз.
613
CSPF 1558–1559, no. 1300.
614
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. b.214, fos. 118–125v.
615
Adams. Eliza Enthroned? P. 63–66. Cf. MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 93, 130–133, 154–155, 163, 169, 183, 235, 245; Read C. Mr Secretary Cecil and Queen Elizabeth. London, 1955. P. 211, 265–266, 342–344, 410; Pulman M. B. The Elizabethan Privy Council in the Fifteen-Seventies. Berkeley, Ca., 1971. P. 17–63.
616
Swensen P. C. Noble Hunters of the Romish Fox: Religious Reform at the Tudor Court, 1543–1564. Unpublished UC Berkeley Ph. D. dissertation. 1981. fos. 300–474.
617
Вероятнее всего, имеется в виду смерть жены Роберта Дадли Эми Робсарт в 1560 году при странных обстоятельствах. В гибели Эми обвиняли мужа. Официально Лестер был оправдан.
618
CSPF 1562, no. 765.
619
CSPF 1562, nos. 667–674.
620
MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 86–101.
621
Elton G. R. The Parliament of England, 1559–1581. Cambridge, 1986. P. 363–364.
622
Дарнли также приходился внуком Маргарите Тюдор – через ее второй брак с шотландским аристократом Арчибальдом Дугласом, 6-м графом Ангусом, его мать была дочерью Маргариты от Ангуса. По линии отца, Мэтью Стюарта, графа Леннокса, он имел отдаленные права на престол Шотландии (через принцессу Марию Стюарт, дочь Якова II). Родился в Англии, поскольку отец бежал из Шотландии, переметнувшись к Генриху VIII, в период войн «грубого сватовства».
623
И графы Ленноксы, и графы Арраны имели право на престол Шотландии – очень отдаленное по женской линии. Третий граф Арран, сын бывшего регента, также рассматривался в качестве жениха, но Мария предпочла сына Леннокса.
624
Donaldson G. All the Queen’s Men: Power and Politics in Mary Stewart’s Scotland. London, 1983. P. 48–116; MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 149–166.
625
Neale J. E. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. 2 vols. London, 1953–1957; repr. 1969, i. 144; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 366.
626
PRO SP 12/28/20 (fos. 68–9); Elton. Parliament of England. P. 358–363.
627
Haynes and Murdin (eds.), ii. 756, 761–762; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 364–374; MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 137–140.
628
Elton. Parliament of England. P. 356–357, 369–374; Neale. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. i. 151–164.
629
Reid R. R. The King’s Council in the North. London, 1921; repr. 1975. P. 191–208; Stone L. The Crisis of the Aristocracy, 1558–1641. Oxford, 1965. P. 250–253; MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 70, 124–125, 129, 139; Williams P. The Tudor Regime. Oxford, 1979. P. 446.
630
James M. E. Society, Politics and Culture: Studies in Early Modern England. Cambridge, 1986. P. 354–356; MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 221–246.
631
James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 355 n. 190.
632
Ibid. P. 270–307; James M. E. Family, Lineage, and Civil Society: A Study of Society, Politics and Mentality in the Durham Region, 1500–1640. Oxford, 1974. P. 49–63; MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 221–262.
633
James. Family, Lineage, and Civil Society. P. 60; Stone. Crisis of the Aristocracy. P. 252–253.
634
PRO SP 12/66/45; Stone. Crisis of the Aristocracy. P. 253, 737–738; Reid. King’s Council in the North. P. 209–230.
635
Parker G. The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567–1659. Cambridge, 1972; Wilson C. Queen Elizabeth and the Revolt of the Netherlands. London, 1970; Wernham. Before the Armada. P. 290–305.
636
Neale. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments, i. 177–234.
637
Ibid. P. 310–311; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 374–379; Graves M. A. R. The Management of the Elizabethan House of Commons: The Council’s “Men of Business” // Parliamentary History, 2. 1983. P. 24–29.
638
Wernham. Before the Armada. P. 317; Read C. Lord Burghley and Queen Elizabeth. London, 1960. P. 51–108.
639
Read. Lord Burghley. P. 87.
640
Ibid. P. 87–91.
641
Parker G. Spain and the Netherlands, 1559–1659. London, 1979. P. 65–81; MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 157–163; Zagorin P. Rebels and Rulers, 1500–1660. 2 vols. Cambridge, 1982. ii. 51–129.
642
Придворное гвардейское подразделение. По сути, охрана королевы.
643
MacCaffrey. Elizabethan Regime. P. 289–295; MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 431–462; House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. ii. 276–279; Adams. ‘Eliza Enthroned?’ P. 66–67.
644
Haynes and Murdin (eds.), ii. 771; MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 431–462; Adams. Eliza Enthroned? P. 63. Cf. Read. LordBurghley. P. 21–22, 40, 224–225, 227, 270, 283, 297, 345, 366–367, 401.
645
MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 438–439.
646
Read C. Mr Secretary Walsingham and the Policy of Queen Elizabeth. 3 vols. Oxford, 1925; House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. iii. 572.
647
См. с. 335–336.
648
Провинция на юго-западе Нидерландов.
649
Read. Lord Burghley. P. 188.
650
House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. iii. 572.
651
MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 164–190, 243–301; Wernham. Before the Armada. P. 324–372. В 1574 году герцог Алансонский унаследовал после брата титул герцога Анжуйского, но обычно во избежание путаницы его именуют титулом, который он имел при Карле IX.
652
Wilson. Queen Elizabeth and the Revolt of the Netherlands. P. 34–41, 129–136; CSPF 1575–1577, nos. 567, 574, 578, 598–599, 736–737, 1037, 1042, 1321–1322, 1445, 1475; Adams. Protestant Cause. fo. 25.
653
Read. Lord Burghley. P. 265; MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 296–297.
654
MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 302–347, 402–422; Wernham. Before the Armada. P. 337–354; Read. LordBurghley. P. 256–292; Elliott J. H. Europe Divided, 1559–1598. London, 1968, repr. 1977. P. 265–321; A New History of Ireland, iii. Early Modern Ireland, 1534–1691 / Ed. T. W. Moody, F. X. Martin, F. J. Byrne. Oxford, 1976. P. 104–109.
655
Parker. Army of Flanders. P. 241.
656
MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 338.
657
Parker. Spain and the Netherlands. P. 71.
658
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. b.214, fos. 83V-85V.
659
MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 348–349; Wernham. Before the Armada. P. 371–372.
660
Stone L. An Elizabethan: Sir Horatio Palavicino. Oxford, 1956. P. 153; Dietz F. C. English Public Finance, 1485–1641. 2 vols. Urbana, Ill., 1921, 2nd edn., London, 1964. ii. 40 n. 17; Adams. Protestant Cause. fos. 42–75; MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 353–356.
661
Parker. Army of Flanders. P. 231.10.
662
1 Eliz. I, c. 2.
663
Hudson W. S. The Cambridge Connection and the Elizabeth Settlement of 1559. Durham, NC, 1980. P. 105.
664
Collinson P. The Elizabethan Puritan Movement. London, 1967. P. 59–70.
665
Documents Illustrative of English Church History / Ed. H. Gee, W. J. Hardy. London, 1910. P. 417–442.
666
При Елизавете неуклонно повышался объем выпуска печатных изданий. Общий ежегодный объем публикаций был больше, чем при лорде-протекторе Сомерсете, хотя только после 1570 года он превысил пиковые показатели 1548 и 1550 годов. King J. N. Freedom of the Press, Protestant Propaganda, and Protector Somerset // Huntington Library Quarterly, 40. 1976. P. 1–2.
667
Haugaard W. P. Elizabeth and the English Reformation: The Struggle for a Stable Settlement of Religion. Cambridge, 1970. P. 135–144; Hutton R. The Local Impact of the Tudor Reformations // The English Reformation Revised / Ed. C. Haigh. Cambridge, 1987. P. 114–138.
668
Hutton. The Local Impact of the Tudor Reformations. P. 134.
669
Haigh C. The Church of England, the Catholics and the People // The Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. Haigh. London, 1984. P. 197; Hutton. The Local Impact of the Tudor Reformations. P. 135.
670
Whiting R. The Reformation in the South-West of England. Unpublished Exeter University Ph. D. dissertation. 1977. fos. 218–226, 286–291.
671
Gee H. The Elizabethan Clergy and the Settlement of Religion, 1558–1564. Oxford, 1898. P. 247–251.
672
Davies H. Worship and Theology in England from Cranmer to Hooker, 1534–1605. Princeton, NJ, 1970. P. 210–219, 358–359; Cox J. C., Harvey A. English Church Furniture. London, 1907; Whiting. Reformation in the South-West. fos. 230–235.
673
Davies. Worship and Theology. P. 214; CSPD1547–1580, xxxvi. 41.
674
Haigh C. Anticlericalism and the English Reformation // History, 68. 1983. P. 402; Gransby D. M. Tithes Disputes in the Diocese of York, 1540–1639. Unpublished York University M. Phil. dissertation. 1966.
675
Ibid.
676
Haigh. Anticlericalism and the English Reformation. P. 404–405; Bittie W. G., Todd Lane R. Inflation and Philanthropy in England: A Re-assessment of W. K. Jordan’s Data // Economic History Review, 29. 1976. P. 209.
677
Ibid.
678
Whiting. Reformation in the South-West. fos. 86–91, 144–152. См. также Collinson P. The Elizabethan Church and the New Religion // Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. Haigh. P. 184–187.
679
O’Day R. The English Clergy: Emergence and Consolidation of a Profession, 1558–1642. Leicester, 1979; Collinson P. The Religion of Protestants: The Church in English Society, 1559–1625. Oxford, 1982. P. 94–95; Collinson P. Elizabethan Church. P. 186; Hill C. Economic Problems of the Church from Archbishop Whitgift to the Long Parliament. Oxford, 1956, repr. 1968. P. 207.
680
Collinson. Religion of Protestants. P. 220–230.
681
Ibid. 203.
682
1 Eliz. I, c. 2.
683
Collinson. Religion of Protestants. P. 210–220.
684
Clark P. English Provincial Society from the Reformation to the Revolution: Religion, Politics and Society in Kent, 1500–1640. Hassocks, 1977. P. 156; Collinson. Religion of Protestants. P. 203.
685
Spaeth D. A. Parsons and Parishioners: Lay-Clerical Conflict and Popular Piety in Wiltshire Villages, 1660–1740. Unpublished Brown University Ph. D. dissertation. 1985. fo. 355.
686
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS L. b.215.
687
Праздник, отмечаемый в понедельник-вторник второй недели после Пасхи.
688
Разновидность церковных сборов с представителей конкретной группы прихода.
689
Hutton. The Local Impact of the Tudor Reformations. P. 136–137.
690
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS L. b.183.
691
Collinson. Religion of Protestants. P. 207.
692
Documents / Ed. Gee and Hardy. P. 434.
693
Collinson. Religion of Protestants. P. 208–209.
694
Ibid. P. 209–210.
695
Haigh. Church of England. P. 197; см. также Haigh. The Continuity of Catholicism in the English Reformation // Past and Present, no. 93. 1981. P. 37–69.
696
MacCulloch D. Catholic and Puritan in Elizabethan Suffolk // Archiv fur Reformationsgeschichte, 72. 1981. P. 247–261.
697
13 Eliz. I, c. 1, 2.
698
The House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. P. W. Hasler. 3 vols.; London, 1981. i. 329.
699
23 Eliz. I, c. 1; Neale J. E. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. 2 vols. London, 1953–7; repr. 1969. i. 378–392.
700
Haigh C. Revisionism, the Reformation and the History of English Catholicism // Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 36. 1985. P. 400–401. Cf. McGrath P. Elizabethan Catholicism: A Reconsideration // Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 35. 1984. P. 414–428.
701
Holmes P. J. Elizabethan Casuistry. Catholic Record Society, 67. London, 1981.
702
Haigh C. From Monopoly to Minority: Catholicism in Early Modern England // Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser. 31. 1981. P. 129–147; Haigh C. Continuity. P. 37–69; Haigh C. Church of England. P. 195–219; Haigh C. Revisionism. P. 394–405; Haigh C. Reformation and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire. Cambridge, 1975. P. 247–315. Cf. Bossy J. A. The English Catholic Community, 1570–1850. London, 1975; Aveling J. С. H. The Handle and the Axe: The Catholic Recusants in England from Reformation to Emancipation. London, 1976; McGrath. Elizabethan Catholicism. P. 414–428.
703
Haigh. Continuity. P. 48–49; Haigh. Reformation and Resistance. P. 255–259.
704
Haigh. Continuity. P. 48–49.
705
Haigh. From Monopoly to Minority. P. 145.
706
Haigh. Revisionism. P. 402.
707
McGrath. Elizabethan Catholicism. P. 422–425. Выражаю глубокую признательность профессору Макграту за консультацию по статусу семинаристов, перечисленных в: Anstruther G. The Seminary Priests. 2 vols.; Ware and Great Wakering, 1969–1975.
708
McGrath P. A Reply to Dr Haigh // Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 36. 1985. P. 405–406.
709
McGrath P. Papists and Puritans under Elizabeth I. London, 1967. P. 192–193.
710
Cf. Haigh. Revisionism. P. 399–400; Haigh. Puritan Evangelism in the Reign of Elizabeth I. English Historical Review, 92. 1977. P. 30–58; Haigh. Church of England. P. 195–219.
711
Haigh. Revisionism. P. 400.
712
Collinson. Elizabethan Church. P. 179.
713
An Apology of the Church of England / Ed. J. E. Booty. Folger Books, Charlottesville, Va., 1963, repr. 1974. P. 100–101, 120–121.
714
Haugaard. Elizabeth and the English Reformation. P. 247–272.
715
The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe / Ed. G. Townsend. 8 vols. London, 1843–9; Haller W. Foxe’s Book of Martyrs and the Elect Nation. London, 1963; Collinson. Elizabethan Church. P. 176.
716
Moulton W. F. The History of the English Bible. 5th edn., London, n. d. P. 150–180.
717
Collinson. Religion of Protestants. P. 232–234; Collinson. Elizabethan Church. P. 182; Haigh. Church of England. P. 211–212; Bennett H. S. English Books and Readers, 1558 to 1603. Cambridge, 1965. P. 146–148.
718
Collinson. Religion of Protestants. P. 242–283; Collinson. Elizabethan Puritan Movement. P. 159–239; Collinson. Elizabethan Church. P. 187–194.
719
Collinson. Religion of Protestants. P. 242–283. См. также Collinson. Elizabethan Puritan Movement, Collinson. Archbishop Grindal, 1519–1583: The Struggle for a Reformed Church. London, 1980; Seaver P. S. The Puritan Lectureships: The Politics of Religious Dissent, 1560–1662. Stanford, Ca., 1970.
720
Hill C. Society and Puritanism in Pre-Revolutionary England. London, 1964. Repr. 1966; Lake P. Moderate Puritans and the Elizabethan Church. Cambridge, 1982; Dent С. M. Protestant Reformers in Elizabethan Oxford. Oxford, 1983. См. Также обзор Лэйка в English Historical Review, 102. 1987. 204–206.
721
Lake. Moderate Puritans. P. 282–286.
722
Ibid.; Haller W. The Rise of Puritanism. New York, Harper Torchbook edn., 1957. P. 83–172; Wallace D. D. Puritans and Predestination: Grace in English Protestant Theology, 1525–1695. Chapel Hill, NC, 1982. P. 43–55.
723
См. 9 главу.
724
Cf. Neale. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. i. 351–353, 398–404; Elton G. R. The Parliament of England, 1559–1581. Cambridge, 1986. P. 216.
725
Collinson. Elizabethan Puritan Movement. P. 159–288, 303–316; Knappen M. M. Tudor Puritanism. Chicago, 1939; Elton G. R. The Tudor Constitution. Cambridge, 1960, 2nd edn., 1982. P. 442–461; Elton G. R. Parliament of England. P. 198–216.
726
Lake. Moderate Puritans. P. 284–285.
727
MacCulloch D. Suffolk and the Tudors: Politics and Religion in an English County, 1500–1600. Oxford, 1986. P. 192–219; MacCulloch D. Catholic and Puritan. P. 278–281.
728
Pulman M. B. The Elizabethan Privy Council in the Fifteen-Seventies. Berkeley, Ca., 1971. P. 52–63.
729
Guy J. A. The Privy Council: Revolution or Evolution? // Revolution Reassessed: Revisions in the History of Tudor Government and Administration / Ed. C. Coleman, D. R. Starkey. Oxford, 1986. P. 59–85; The English Court: From the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War / Ed. D. R. Starkey. London, 1987. P. 1–24.
730
Guy J. A. The Cardinal’s Court: The Impact of Thomas Wolsey in Star Chamber. Hassocks, 1977; Hoak D. E. The King’s Council in the Reign of Edward VI. Cambridge, 1976; Smith A. G. R. The Government of Elizabethan England. London, 1967; Pulman. Elizabethan Privy Council. P. 150–172.
731
Pulman. Elizabethan Privy Council. P. 156.
732
Ibid. P. 164–168.
733
Ibid. P. 53.
734
Alsop J. D. The Structure of Early Tudor Finance, c. 1509–1558 // Revolution Reassessed / Ed. Coleman, Starkey. P. 156–162; Pulman. Elizabethan Privy Council. P. 86–93.
735
Pulman. Elizabethan Privy Council. P. 90.
736
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS459, fo. 23v; Pulman. Elizabethan Privy Council. P. 87.
737
Alsop. Structure of Early Tudor Finance. P. 161–162; Pulman. Elizabethan Privy Council. P. 87.
738
The Egerton Papers / Ed. J. P. Collier. Camden Society, OS12; London, 1840. P. 215–217; Collection of State Papers… left by William Cecil, LordBurghley / Ed. S. Haynes, W. Murdin. 2 vols. London, 1740–1759. ii. 809.
739
Elton G. R. The Tudor Revolution in Government. Cambridge, 1953. P. 276–289; см. с. 54.
740
A Collection of Original Letters from the Bishops to the Privy Council, 1564 // Camden Miscellany / Ed. M. Bateson. Camden Society, NS53, London, 1895.
741
Pulman. Elizabethan Privy Council. P. 123–130; The Papers of Nathaniel Bacon of Stiffkey / Ed. A. Hassell Smith, G. M. Baker, R. W. Kenny. 2 vols. Norwich, 1979–1983. ii. 201–204, 237–238, 265–267, 271–272, 274–276, 281–282, 286, 310–312.
742
Pulman. Elizabethan Privy Council. P. 109.
743
Henry E. Huntington Library, Ellesmere MS6206B, fos. 14–23.
744
Графства можно было объединять в двойки или тройки: в 1587 году Берли назначили в объединенное лейтенантство Линкольншира, Эссекса и Хартфордшира; граф Пембрук руководил Уэльсом и приграничными марками. Впрочем, одно графство могло иметь двух или даже трех лейтенантов, действующих сообща, как, например, в Гемпшире и Сассексе.
745
Thomson G. S. Lords Lieutenants in the Sixteenth Century. London, 1923. P. 43–73; Hassell Smith A. County and Court: Government and Politics in Norfolk, 1558–1603. Oxford, 1986. P. 112–138; Cheyney E. P. A History of England from the Defeat of the Armada to the Death of Elizabeth. 2 vols.; London, 1914–1926. ii. 359–377.
746
Thomson. Lords Lieutenants. P. 73–83; Hassell Smith. County and Court. P. 127–133; Cruickshank C. G. Elizabeth’s Army. Oxford, 1946. 2nd edn., 1966. P. 19–21.
747
Youings J. A. Sixteenth-century England. Harmondsworth, 1984. P. 254–303; Pulman. Elizabethan Privy Council. P. 139–149; Elton G. R. The Parliament of England, 1559–1581. Cambridge, 1986. P. 260–262; Tudor Economic Documents / Ed. R. H. Tawney, E. Power. 3 vols. London, 1924. P. 330–334; Tudor Royal Proclamations / Ed. P. L. Hughes, J. F. Larkin. 3 vols. New Haven, Conn., 1964–1969. ii-iii passim.
748
Pulman. Elizabethan Privy Council. P. 120.
749
Ibid. P. 132.
750
Langbein J. H. Torture and the Law of Proof: Europe and England in the Ancien Regime. Chicago, 1977. P. 81–123; Pulman. Elizabethan Privy Council. P. 211–212.
751
Pulman. Elizabethan Privy Council. P. 176–181.
752
Elton G. R. The Tudor Constitution. Cambridge, 1960. 2nd edn., 1982. P. 102–111.
753
Парламент созывался в 1559, 1563–1567 годах (сессии в 1563, 1566–1567 годах), 1571, 1572–1581 годах (сессии в 1572, 1576, 1581-м), 1584–1585, 1586–1587, 1589, 1593, 1597–1598 годах и 1601 году. Самые продолжительные сессии состоялись в 1559-м (15 недель), 1566–1567 годах (13 с половиной недель), в 1563-м (13 недель), в 1597–1598 годах (12 недель), в 1584–1585 годах (11 недель), 1586–1587 годах (10 недель), в 1581 (9 недель) и в 1571 году (8 недель). Другие сессии продолжались 7 с половиной недель (1572, 1589, 1601 годы), 7 недель (1593 год) и 5 недель (1576 год).
754
Не было парламентских сессий в следующие годы: 1560–1562, 1564–1565, 1568–1570, 1573–1575, 1577–1580, 1582–1583, 1588, 1590–1592, 1594–1596, 1599–1600, 1602–1603 (Елизавета умерла 24 марта 1603 года).
755
Neale J. E. The Lord Keeper’s Speech to the Parliament of 1592–1593 // English Historical Review, 31. 1916. P. 130; Roskell J. S. Perspectives in English Parliamentary History // Historical Studies of the English Parliament / Ed. E. B. Fryde, E. Miller, 2 vols. Cambridge, 1970. ii. 296–323.
756
De republica anglorum. Menston: Scholar Press edn., 1970. P. 34–35.
757
The House of Commons, 1553–1603 / Ed. P. W. Hasler. 3 vols. London, 1981; S. The House of Commons, 1509–1553 / Ed. T. Bindoff. 3 vols. London, 1982.
758
Neale J. E. Elizabeth land her Parliaments. 2 vols.; London, 1953–1957; repr. 1969, passim; Neale J. E. The Elizabethan House of Commons. London, 1949, rev. edn., 1963. Сходные тезисы см. в: Notestein W. The Winning of the Initiative by the House of Commons // Proceedings of the British Academy, 11. 1926. P. 125–176. Критику этой позиции см. в: Elton. Parliament of England; Elton. Parliament in the Sixteenth Century: Functions and Fortunes // Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government. 3 vols. Cambridge, 1974–1983, iii. 156–182; Elton. Parliament // The Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. C. Haigh. London, 1984. P. 79–100; См. также его доклады, объединенные под названием: The Materials of Parliamentary History // Studies, iii. 58–155; Elton. Parliament // Studies, iii. 3–21; Graves M. A. R. The Tudor Parliaments: Crown, Lords and Commons, 1485–1603. London, 1985; Graves M. A. R. Thomas Norton the Parliament Man: An Elizabethan MP, 1559–1581 // Historical Journal, 23. 1980. P. 17–35; Graves M. A. R. The Management of the Elizabethan House of Commons: The Council’s «Men of Business» // Parliamentary History, 2. 1983. P. 11–38.
759
Elton. Parliament of England. P. 378–379.
760
Select Documents of English Constitutional History, 1307–1485 / Ed. S. B. Chrimes, A. L. Brown. London, 1961. P. 11–17; Miller E. The Origins of Parliament. Historical Association, London, 1960, repr. 1967. P. 21–22.
761
Richardson H. G., Sayles G. O. Parliaments and Great Councils in Medieval England // The English Parliament in the Middle Ages. London, 1981. xxvi. 2.
762
Fleta, Bk. II, c. 2; Richardson, Sayles, xxvi. 2.
763
‘Pur voier le estat du reaume et pur treter des communes busoignes du roy et du reaume’; Richardson, Sayles, xxvi. 2 n. 1.
764
Miller. Origins. P. 22; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 378; Elton. Studies. iii. 3–21.
765
Richardson, Sayles, xxvi. P. 19–24.
766
Graves M. A. R. Elizabethan Parliaments, 1559–1601. London, 1987. P. 45.
767
Miller H. Henry VIII and the English Nobility. Oxford, 1986. P. 131–122, 255. Cf. Elton. Parliament of England. P. 378.
768
Ibid. P. 399–402.
769
Neale. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. i. 177–240; Graves. Management. P. 12–13, 24; Jones N. L. Fine Tuning the Reformation // Law and Social Change in British History / Ed. A. Guy, H. G. Beale. London, 1984. P. 86–95.
770
Elton. Parliament of England. P. 376; Graves. Management. P. 24–29; Neale. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. i. 309–310.
771
Elton. Parliament of England. P. 375–376; MacCaffrey W. T. Parliament: The Elizabethan Experience // Tudor Rule and Revolution / Ed. D. J. Guth J. W. McKenna. Cambridge, 1982. P. 137.
772
Neale. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. ii. 133.
773
Elton. Parliament of England. P. 343; Roskell J. S. The Commons and their Speakers in English Parliaments, 1367–1523. Manchester, 1965.
774
Graves. Management. P. 11–32; Graves. Thomas Norton. P. 17–35.
775
Graves. Management. P. 31.
776
Ibid. P. 16, 33 n. 35.
777
Ibid. P. 14; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 52.
778
Graves. Management. P. 14.
779
Данные взяты из таблиц в: The Statutes at Large. London, 1786 edn. Cf. Elton. Parliament // Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. Haigh. P. 94; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 52.
780
5 Eliz. I, c. 3; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 268; J. Pound. Poverty and Vagrancy in Tudor England. London, 1971, repr. 1978. P. 45.
781
14 Eliz. I, c. 5; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 269–271; Williams P. The Tudor Regime. Oxford, 1979. P. 200; Pound. Poverty and Vagrancy. P. 47–48.
782
18 Eliz. I, c. 3; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 270–271; Williams. Tudor Regime. P. 200.
783
39 Eliz. I, c. 3; 43 Eliz. I, cc. 2, 3; Pound. Poverty and Vagrancy. P. 53–57.
784
39 Eliz. I, c. 5; 43 Eliz. I, c. 4.
785
39 Eliz. I, c. 4.
786
Beier A. L. Masterless Men: The Vagrancy Problem in England, 1560–1640. London, 1985. См. с. 43–44.
787
Woodward D. The Background to the Statute of Artificers: The Genesis of Labour Policy, 1558–63 // Economic History Review, 33. 1980. P. 32–44.
788
Elton. Parliament of England. P. 265; Woodward. Background. P. 34–35.
789
5 Eliz. I, c. 4.
790
Elton. Parliament of England. P. 265–267; Woodward. Background. P. 41–44; Clay C. G. A. Economic Expansion and Social Change: England 1500–1700. 2 vols. Cambridge, 1984. i. 230, 234–235. Индексы зарплат см. выше: глава 2, таблица 3.
791
Barnes T. G. Star Chamber and the Sophistication of the Criminal Law // Criminal Law Review. 1977. P. 316–326.
792
Elton G. R. Reform and Renewal: Thomas Cromwell and the Common Weal. Cambridge, 1973. P. 129–157.
793
Guy J. A. The Court of Star Chamber and its Records to the Reign of Elizabeth I. London, 1985.
794
5 Eliz. I, c. 10, 16, 17; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 299.
795
5 Eliz. I, c. 9, 14.
796
Barnes. Star Chamber. P. 316–326.
797
13 Eliz. I, c. 5; 27 Eliz. I, c. 4.
798
8 Eliz. I, c. 4; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 301.
799
Имеется в виду молитва на латыни, подтверждающая, что обвиняемый имеет отношение к духовенству, стало быть, не подлежит мирскому суду.
800
18 Eliz. I, c. 7; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 63–66, 301–302.
801
Elton. Studies. iii. 12–16; Elton. Parliament of England. P. 43–61, 303–318.
802
Elton. Studies. iii. 14–15.
803
Elton. Parliament of England. P. 44–47, 55–57.
804
Ibid. P. 52 и n. 46.
805
Neale. Elizabethan House of Commons. P. 378. Я очень благодарен профессору Хасселу Смиту за всестороннее рассмотрение этого вопроса.
806
Ibid. P. 369; Elton. Studies. iii. 16.
807
PRO SP 12/174/1–11, 14–18; Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. a.321, fos. 36v-8; The Papers of Nathaniel Bacon of Stiffkey / Ed. A. Hassell Smith, G. M. Baker, R. W. Kenny. 2 vols.; Norwich, 1979–1983. ii. 296–298; Cressy D. Binding the Nation: The Bonds of Association, 1584 and 1696 // Tudor Rule and Revolution / Ed. D. J. Guth, J. W. McKenna. Cambridge, 1982. P. 217–234.
808
The Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. C. Haigh. London, 1984. P. 17–18; Garrett J. The Triumphs of Providence: The Assassination Plot, 1696. Cambridge, 1980.
809
Neale J. E. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. 2 vols.; London, 1953–1957, repr. 1969. ii. 13–101.
810
Henry E. Huntington Library, Ellesmere MS1192 (проект написан рукой Попэма, поправки внесены Берли); PRO SP 12/176/22, 28–30.
811
Пер. А. Н. Баранова.
812
Correspondence of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leycester, during his Government of the Low Countries, in the Years 1585 and 1586 / Ed. J. Bruce. Camden Society, OS27. London, 1844. P. 342.
813
PRO SP 12/194/30.
814
Neale. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. ii. 104. Члены судебной комиссии признали Марию виновной в заговоре с целью убить Елизавету, из чего по условиям Акта о безопасности королевы следовало, что она должна быть казнена.
815
Там же, ii. 129.
816
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. b.142, fo. 26.
817
Read C. LordBurghley and Queen Elizabeth. London, 1960. P. 366–368; Neale, Elizabeth I and her Parliaments, ii. 139–149.
818
Read. Lord Burghley. P. 366–370; Neale. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. ii 137.
819
Neale. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. ii. 140.
820
MacCaffrey W. T. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy, 1572–1588. Princeton, NJ, 1981. P. 348–401; Adams S. L. The Protestant Cause: Religious Alliance with the West European Calvinist Communities as a Political Issue in England, 1585–1630. Unpublished Oxford D. Phil. dissertation. 1973. fos. 36–103; Read. Lord Burghley. P. 306–339.
821
Adams. Protestant Cause. fos. 52–87.
822
MacCaffrey. Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy. P. 379–391; Adams. Protestant Cause. fos. 91–103; Parker G. The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567–1659. Cambridge, 1972. P. 241–244; Dop J. A. Eliza’s Knights: Soldiers, Poets, and Puritans in the Netherlands, 1572–1586. Alblasserdam, Netherlands. 1981.
823
He now is dead, and all his glory gone, / And all his greatness vapoured to naught, / That as a glass upon the water shone, / Which vanished quite, so soon as it was sought.
824
Spenser’s Minor Poems / Ed. E. de Selincourt. Oxford, 1960, repr. 1966. P. 134. Поэма в основном посвящена увековечению славы графа Лестера и сэра Филипа Сидни.
825
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS G. b.5, fos. 16–20v (Spanish intelligence summary); Parker G. Spain and the Netherlands, 1559–1659. London. 1979. P. 18–43, 135–147; Parker G. Army of Flanders. P. 243–244.
826
Parker. Spain and the Netherlands. P. 135–147; Andrews K. R. Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630. Cambridge, 1984. P. 230–235.
827
Parker. Army of Flanders. P. 265–266.
828
Henry E. Huntington Library, Ellesmere MS6206B, fos. 14–15, 18V-19; Boynton L. The Elizabethan Militia, 1558–1638. London, 1967. P. 53–125; Cruickshank C. G. Elizabeth’s Army. Oxford, 1946, 2nd edn., 1966. P. 17–40.
829
Boynton. Elizabethan Militia. P. 126–164; Read. Lord Burghley. P. 410–436; Parker. Army of Flanders. P. 6.
830
CSPF 1559–1560. P. cxxviii-ix.
831
Henry E. Huntington Library, Ellesmere MS6206B, fos. 15v-16.
832
Информацией о численности королевского флота я обязан неопубликованному докладу доктора Саймона Адамса. Cf. Read. Lord Burghley. P. 420; Williams P. The Tudor Regime. Oxford, 1979. P. 130.
833
Область меловых холмов в Кенте, обращенная на пролив.
834
Mattingly G. The Defeat of the Spanish Armada. London, 1959; Howarth D. The Voyage of the Armada: The Spanish Story. London, 1981; Quinn D. B. Spaniards at Sea // Times Literary Supplement. 18 Dec. 1981. P. 1473–1474; Thompson I. A. A. Spanish Armada Guns // Mariner’s Mirror, 61. 1975. P. 355–371.
835
Один из самых северных городов Франции, расположен на побережье Северного моря между Дюнкерком и Кале.
836
Залив Северного моря близ Эдинбурга.
837
Quinn. Spaniards at Sea; Mattingly. The Defeat of the Spanish Armada.
838
Wernham R. B. After the Armada: Elizabethan England and the Struggle for Western Europe, 1588–1595. Oxford, 1984; Adams. Protestant Cause. fos. 104–153.
839
Филипп II был женат на Елизавете Валуа, сестре королей Франциска, Карла и Генриха.
840
Wernham. After the Armada. P. 93–94, 181–184, 246–249, 262–269, 412–418, 555–566; Andrews, Trade, Plunder and Settlement. P. 223–255.
841
Луи де Гиз, архиепископ Реймсский.
842
Parker. Spain and the Netherlands. P. 70–73.
843
Wernham. After the Armada. P. 141–145, 149–151, 161–162, 179–181, 204, 271–280, 294–301, 358, 362–364, 381, 412–416, 421, 460–461, 503, 529–534, 542–547, 554.
844
Parker. Spain and the Netherlands. P. 70–73.
845
Wernham. After the Armada. P. 287–291, 414–420, 488–513, 520–522.
846
Adams. Protestant Cause. fos. 135–145; Wernham. After the Armada. P. 556–558.
847
Parker. Army of Flanders. P. 185–206, 244–251, 263–268; Parker. Spain and the Netherlands. P. 45–63, 106–121; Wernham. After the Armada. P. 23–47, 53–87.
848
Wernham. After the Armada. P. 207–233.
849
Там же, 407, 415–420.
850
Parker. Army of Flanders. P. 245–251, 264–265; Parker. Spain and the Netherlands. P. 18–43; Wernham. After the Armada. P. 563–566; Dietz F. C. English Public Finance, 1485–1641. 2 vols.; Urbana, Ill., 1921; 2nd edn., London, 1964. ii. 455–459.
851
Wernham. After the Armada. P. 514–559; Parker. Army of Flanders. P. 246–251.
852
Wernham. After the Armada. P. 114.
853
Там же, 92–130; Wernham R. B. Queen Elizabeth and the Portugal Expedition of 1589 // English Historical Review, 66. 1951. P. 1–26, 194–218; Andrews. Trade, Plunder and Settlement. P. 236–238.
854
Adams’s Chronicle of Bristol / Ed. F. F. Fox. Bristol, 1910. P. 137, цитируется в Andrews. Trade, Plunder and Settlement. P. 238.
855
Wernham. After the Armada. P. 235–261, 445–460; Andrews K. R. Elizabethan Privateering: English Privateering during the Spanish War, 1585–1603. Cambridge, 1964; Andrews K. R. Trade, Plunder and Settlement. P. 238–255.
856
Andrews. Trade, Plunder and Settlement. P. 240–242; Cruickshank. Elizabeth’s Army. P. 251–279.
857
Andrews. Trade, Plunder and Settlement. P. 242–340; Andrews K. R. Elizabethan Privateering // Raleigh in Exeter: Privateering and Colonisation in the Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. J. Youings. Exeter, 1985. P. 1–19.
858
Об этом см. в: Skinner Q. The Foundations of Modem Political Thought. 2 vols. Cambridge, 1978, repr. 1979. ii. 349–358.
859
Salter E. G. Tudor England through Venetian Eyes. London, 1930. P. 68–79, 117–127; The Works of Sir John Fortescue, Knight, Chief Justice of England and Lord Chancellor to King Henry the Sixth / Ed. T. Fortescue [Lord Clermont]. 2 vols. London, 1869. i. 552.
860
Merchant of Venice, I. iii. 49.
861
Henry V, III. ii. 136.
862
Ellis S. G. Crown, Community and Government in the English Territories, 1450–1575 // History, 71. 1986. P. 194, 203.
863
Elton G. R. Wales in Parliament, 1542–1581 // Welsh Society and Nationhood: Historical Essays Presented to Glanmor Williams / Ed. R. R. Davies, R. A. Griffiths, I. G. Jones, К. O. Morgan. Cardiff, 1984. P. 108–121.
864
Ellis. Crown, Community and Government. P. 195–196; Hand G. J. Aspects of Alien Status in Medieval English Law, with Special Reference to Ireland // History Studies, 1972 / Ed. D. Jenkins Legal. Cardiff, 1975. P. 129–134.
865
Dewar M. Sir Thomas Smith: A Tudor Intellectual in Office. London, 1964. P. 157.
866
The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe / Ed. G. Townsend. 8 vols. London, 1843–9. iv. 447–555.
867
Пер. Михаила Донского.
868
Hurstfield J. The Queen’s Wards: Wardship and Marriage under Elizabeth I. London, 1958. P. 257.
869
Ellis S. G. England in the Tudor State // Historical Journal, 26. 1983. P. 201–212; Ellis S. G. Crown, Community and Government. P. 187–204; Williams P. The Tudor Regime. Oxford, 1979. P. 4–6, 421–452.
870
Ellis. England in the Tudor State. P. 212.
871
James M. E. Society, Politics and Culture: Studies in Early Modern England. Cambridge, 1986. P. 48–175; Reid R. R. The King’s Council in the North. London, 1921, repr. 1975. P. 147–165; Williams. Tudor Regime. P. 443–447.
872
Контроль над герцогствами Ланкастер и Корнуолл и палатинатами Честер и Ланкастер вернулся к короне к 1399 году. Юрисдикция епископа Дарема распространялась на территорию, выходящую за границы современного графства. В 1536 году Генрих VIII сократил уголовную юрисдикцию епископа, хотя именно он назначал мировых судей до 1836 года. Emsley K., Fraser С. M. The Courts of the County Palatine of Durham from Earliest Times to 1971. Durham, 1984.
873
Ellis S. G. Tudor Ireland: Crown, Community and the Conflict of Cultures, 1470–1603. London, 1985; A New History of Ireland, iii. Early Modem Ireland, 1534–1691 / Ed. T. W. Moody, F. X. Martin, F. J. Byrne. Oxford, 1976. См. также Ellis. Nationalist Historiography and the English and Gaelic Worlds in the Late Middle Ages // Irish Historical Studies, 25. 1986. P. 1–18.
874
Ellis S. G. Reform and Revival: English Government in Ireland, 1470–1534. Woodbridge, 1986; Ellis S. G. Tudor Ireland. P. 26–30, 53–148.
875
Ellis S. G. Tudor Policy and the Kildare Ascendancy in the Lordship of Ireland, 1496–1534 // Irish Historical Studies, 20. 1977. P. 235–271.
876
Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 124–129; Ellis. Tudor Policy and the Kildare Ascendancy. P. 260–271; Ellis. The Kildare Rebellion and the Early Henrician Reformation // Historical Journal, 19. 1976. P. 807–830.
877
Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 129–148; Ellis. Tudor Policy and the Kildare Ascendancy. P. 268–271.
878
Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 137.
879
St. Pap. iii. 278, 323; Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 137–140; New History of Ireland / Ed. Moody et al. iii. 46–67; Bradshaw B. The Irish Constitutional Revolution of the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge, 1979.
880
New History of Ireland / Ed. Moody et al. iii. 51–52.
881
Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 174–180, 228–249; New History of Ireland / Ed. Moody et al. iii. 69–93.
882
Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 244–274.
883
Mumford Jones H. Origins of the Colonial Idea in England // Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 85. 1942. P. 452; Canny N. The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland: A Pattern Established, 1565–1576. Hassocks, 1976.
884
CSPI1509–1573 (London, 1860), 289, 298–299; New History of Ireland / Ed. Moody et al. iii. 76–86.
885
New History of Ireland / Ed. Moody et al. iii. 79–86.
886
Там же, 86–100.
887
Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 251–285; New History of Ireland / Ed. Moody et al. iii 94–113.
888
New History of Ireland / Ed. Moody et al. iii. 102–109; Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 278–285.
889
New History of Ireland / Ed. Moody et al. iii. 109–115; Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 285–297.
890
New History of Ireland / Ed. Moody et al. iii. 115–127; Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 297–303.
891
New History of Ireland / Ed. Moody et al. iii. 122–127; Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 302–306, 311.
892
New History of Ireland / Ed. Moody et al. iii. 127–129; Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 306–307.
893
New History of Ireland / Ed. Moody et al. iii. 129–137; Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 307–312.
894
Ellis. Tudor Ireland. P. 183–223; Bottigheimer K. S. The Reformation in Ireland Revisited // Journal of British Studies, 15. 1976. P. 140–149.
895
LPxn. i, no. 901 (p. 410).
896
Elton G. R. Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government. 3 vols. Cambridge, 1974–1983. ii. 55.
897
PRO SP 12/66/54 (цитата из fo. 150r-v); Elton G. R. The Parliament of England, 1559–1581. Cambridge, 1986. P. 199–216.
898
Fox A. G., Guy J. A. Reassessing the Henrician Age: Humanism, Politics, and Reform. Oxford, 1986. P. 151–178, 199–220; Guy J. A. Christopher St German on Chancery and Statute. London: Selden Society, 1985.
899
Guy J. A. The Public Career of Sir Thomas More. Brighton, 1980. P. 198.
900
PRO SP 2/L, fos. 203–204 (LP V, no. 1016 (3).
901
De legibus, Bk. I, c. 8.
902
BL Cotton MS Cleopatra E. VI, fo. 28v.
903
Ullmann W. Principles of Government and Politics in the Middle Ages. London, 1961, 2nd edn., 1966. P. 176–178.
904
Foxe, vi. 43.
905
The Debate betwene the heraldes of Englande and Fraunce, compyled by Jhon Coke, clarke of the kynges recognysaunce, or vulgerly, called clarke of the Statutes of the staple of Westmynster, and fynyshed the yere of our Lorde. London, 1550.
906
Wilson E. C. England’s Eliza. New York, 1939, repr. 1966. P. 109; Yates F. A. Astraea: The Imperial Theme in the Sixteenth Century. London, 1975. P. 9–120.
907
Mount, Empress, whose praise for peace shall mount, / Whose glory, which thy solid virtues won, / Shall honour Europe whilst there shines a sun!
908
Dread sovereign goddess, that dost highest sit / In seat of judgement, in th’ Almighty stead, / And with magnifico might and wondrous wit / Dost to thy people righteous doom aread, / That furthest nations fills with awful dread.
909
St. Pap. i. 659; iii. 323.
910
Hall E. Henry VIII / Ed. C. Whibley. 2 vols. London, 1904. ii. 328. Благодарю профессора А. Славина за консультацию по данному вопросу.
911
Guy. Christopher St German. passim.
912
Doctor and Student / Ed. T. F. T. Plucknett, J. L. Barton. London: Selden Society, 1974. P. 327.
913
An Answer to a Letter. London, 1535. sigs. G5V-G6; Fox, Guy. Reassessing the Henrician Age. P. 208–220.
914
Ibid. 207–210.
915
Guy J. A. Law, Lawyers, and the English Reformation // History Today, 35. 1985. P. 16–22; Russell C. S. R. Types of Ambiguity // London Review of Books. 22 Jan. 1987. P. 15–16.
916
П. Лейк, обзор работы Mendle M. Dangerous Positions // Parliamentary History, 6. 1987. P. 336. П. Лейк цитирует неопубликованную лекцию профессора Патрика Коллинсона.
917
The Works of John Whitgift, D. D. / Ed. J. Ayre. 3 vols. Cambridge: Parker Society, 1851–1853. i. 20–21, 372.
918
Книги VI и VIII были напечатаны только в 1648 году, а книга VII оставалась недоступной до 1662 года.
919
The Works of that Learned and Judicious Divine, Mr Richard Hooker /Ed. J. Keble. 3 vols. 7th edn., Oxford, 1888. Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, viii. vi. 11. См. Porter H. C. Hooker, the Tudor Constitution, and the Via Media // Studies in Richard Hooker: Essays Preliminary to an Edition of his Works / Ed. W. Speed Hill. Cleveland, Ohio, 1972. P. 77–116.
920
Polity, VIII. vi. 11.
921
Ibid.
922
Там же, ii. 13.
923
Lake P. G. Calvinism and the English Church, 1570–1635 // Past and Present, no. 114. 1987. P. 32–76; Adamson J. S. A. The Vindiciae Veritatis and the Political Creed of Viscount Saye and Sele // Historical Research, 60. 1987. P. 45–63.
924
Morgan V. Whose Prerogative in Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Century England? // Custom, Courts and Counsel / Ed. A. Kiralfy, M. Slatter, R. Virgoe. London, 1985. P. 39–55.
925
Hurstfield J. Freedom, Corruption and Government in Elizabethan England. London, 1973. P. 105.
926
Challis С. E. The Tudor Coinage. Manchester, 1978. P. 126–127, 258, 263–265, 268–274.
927
PRO SP 12/287/59; Dietz F. C. English Public Finance, 1485–1641. 2 vols. Urbana, Ill., 1921, 2nd edn., London, 1964. ii. 4, 18–21, 44, 62–66, 296–301, 307–327.
928
The History of the King’s Works, iv. 1485–1660. Part II / Ed. H. M. Colvin. London, 1982. P. 8; Dietz. ii. 34–35.
929
Dietz. ii. 22–29, 53–55, 70–72, 80–81, 380–393.
930
PRO SP 12/263/80 (fos. 113–16).
931
Там же (fos. 115–16).
932
Alsop J. D. The Theory and Practice of Tudor Taxation // English Historical Review, 97. 1982. P. 1–30; Alsop J. D. Innovation in Tudor Taxation. ibid. 99. 1984. P. 83–93; Harriss G. L. Thomas Cromwell’s “New Principle” of Taxation. ibid. 93. 1978. P. 721–738; Elton G. R. Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government. 3 vols. Cambridge, 1974–1983. iii. 216–233; Elton G. R The Parliament of England, 1559–1581. Cambridge, 1986. P. 151–174; Dietz. ii. 22–24, 380–382.
933
Alsop. Theory and Practice of Tudor Taxation. P. 13; Dietz, ii. 380.
934
См. с. 5.
935
Alsop. Theory and Practice of Tudor Taxation. P. 26–30.
936
Coleman C. Artifice or Accident? The Reorganization of the Exchequer of Receipt, c. 1554–1572 // Revolution Reassessed: Revisions in the History of Tudor Government and Administration / Ed. Coleman, D. R. Starkey. Oxford, 1986. P. 195; Dietz. ii. 47–48.
937
Dietz. ii. 16.
938
Outhwaite R. B. Royal Borrowing in the Reign of Elizabeth I: The Aftermath of Antwerp // English Historical Review, 86. 1971. P. 251–263; Dietz. ii. 25–29.
939
Dietz. ii. 22, 84, 382–388.
940
Ibid. i. 161–162; ii. 382–393; Fletcher A. A County Community in Peace and War: Sussex 1600–1660. London, 1975. P. 203.
941
Cheyney E. P. A History of Englandfrom the Defeat of the Armada to the Death of Elizabeth. 2 vols. London, 1914–26. ii. 214–244; Dietz. ii. 384–393; Fletcher. A County Community. P. 203. В 1622 году состояние лорда верховного казначея Миддлсекса оценили для налогообложения в £150, однако на деле оно приближалось к £90 250. Доход герцога Бекингема оценили в £400, но его ежегодный доход в 1623 году составлял £15 000.
942
Dietz. ii. 384–388; Russell C. Parliaments and English Politics, 1621–1629. Oxford, 1979. P. 50.
943
Williams P. The Tudor Regime. Oxford, 1979. P. 459.
944
Department of Special Collections, Spencer Library, University of Kansas, MS Q12:39 (список долгов Елизаветы из документов сэра Джулиуса Цезаря).
945
Ibid.
946
Местная система потенциально была более эффективной, чем процедура субсидий, поскольку в ней у людей оценивали все их земли и недвижимость там, где они находились; субсидию после 1559 года можно было взыскать только по месту основного проживания налогоплательщика, хотя эта тема требует дальнейшего изучения.
947
Cruickshank C. G. Elizabeth’s Army. Oxford, 1946, 2nd edn., 1966. P. 17–40, 91–142; Williams P. The Crown and the Counties // The Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. C. Haigh. London, 1984. P. 129–131; Williams P. Tudor Regime. P. 76–77; Clark P. English Provincial Society from the Reformation to the Revolution: Religion, Politics and Society in Kent, 1500–1640. Hassocks, 1977. P. 221–226; Hassell Smith A. Militia Rates and Militia Statutes, 1558–1663 // The English Commonwealth, 1547–1640 / Ed. P. Clark, A. G. R. Smith, N. Tyacke. Leicester, 1979. P. 93–110.
948
Smith A. G. R. The Government of Elizabethan England. London, 1967; Hassell Smith A. County and Court: Government and Politics in Norfolk, 1558–1603. Oxford, 1974; MacCulloch D. Suffolk and the Tudors: Politics and Religion in an English County, 1500–1600. Oxford, 1986; Clark. English Provincial Society; Hodgett G. A. J. Tudor Lincolnshire. Lincoln, 1975; Fletcher A. Reform in the Provinces: The Government of Stuart England. London, 1986. P. 3–5; Fletcher A. A County Community. P. 127–129.
949
Forster G. C. F. The East Riding Justices of the Peace in the Seventeenth Century. East Yorks. Local History Society, York, 1973. P. 12–19; Fletcher. Reform in the Provinces. P. 3–11; Elton G. R. The Tudor Constitution. Cambridge, 1960, 2nd edn., 1982. P. 464–468.
950
См. с. 315–317.
951
Williams. The Crown and the Counties. P. 126–127; Hassell Smith. County and Court. P. 127–131.
952
Cruickshank. Elizabeth’s Army. P. 17–40, 290–291; Wernham R. B. After the Armada: Elizabethan England and the Struggle for Western Europe, 1588–1595. Oxford, 1984. P. 281, 381, 416–420, 462–463, 565–568; Cheyney. History of England. ii. 359–380. О проблеме в последующий период см.: Fissel M. C. Bellum Episcopale: The Bishops’ Wars and the End of the “Personal Rule” in England, 1638–1640. Unpublished UC Berkeley, Ph. D. dissertation, 1984.
953
Hassell Smith. Militia Rates and Militia Statutes. P. 96–99; Wernham. After the Armada. P. 418–419; Clark. English Provincial Society. P. 221–226; Power M. J. London and the Control of the “Crisis” of the 1590s’ // History, 70. 1985. P. 382.
954
Clark. English Provincial Society. P. 221–268; но также см. обзор Р. Эштона в Economic History Review, 2nd ser. 31, 1978. P. 468–469; Barnes T. G. Somerset 1625–1640: A County’s Government during the ‘Personal Rule’. Cambridge, Mass., 1961; Fissel. ‘Bellum Episcopate’. fos. 212–403; Fletcher. A County Community. P. 202–217; Kent J. R. The English Village Constable, 1580–1642. Oxford, 1986; MacCulloch. Suffolk and the Tudors. P. 258–282; Hassell Smith. County and Court. P. 229–342; Williams. The Crown and the Counties. P. 136–146.
955
The Manuscript of William Dunche / Ed. A. G. W. Murray, E. F. Bosanquet (privately printed, Exeter, 1914); Hoak D. E. The King’s Privy Chamber, 1547–1553 // Tudor Rule and Revolution / Ed. D. J. Guth, J. W. McKenna. Cambridge, 1982. P. 87–108; PRO LC2/4/2; Folger Shakespeare Library, MSS Z. d.11–14, 16–17; Tighe W. J. Gentlemen Pensioners in Elizabethan Politics and Government. Unpublished Cambridge Ph. D. dissertation, 1983; The House of Commons, 1509–1558 / Ed. S. T. Bindoff. 3 vols. London, 1982; The House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. P. W. Hasler. 3 vols. London, 1981; The English Court: From the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War / Ed. D. R. Starkey. London, 1987. P. 1–24, 82–92. Я особенно благодарен доктору Старки и профессору Хоуку за подробные обсуждения данного вопроса.
956
Cheyney. History of England. ii. 359–375; Thomson G. S. Lords Lieutenants in the Sixteenth Century. London, 1923. P. 68–83.
957
Thomson. Lords Lieutenants. P. 77–83; Hassell Smith. County and Court. P. 128–138, 246–276.
958
Новейшее рассмотрение вопроса см. в: Hughes A. Politics, Society and Civil War in Warwickshire, 1620–1660. Cambridge, 1987.
959
Hurstfield. Freedom, Corruption and Government. P. 106.
960
Hassell Smith. County and Court. P. 303–304, 340–341; James M. E. Society, Politics and Culture: Studies in Early Modem England. Cambridge, 1986. P. 425 n. 35.
961
MacCulloch. Suffolk and the Tudors. P. 258–282; Williams. The Crown and the Counties. P. 138–139;Hassell Smith. County and Court. P. 128, 138, 277–304.
962
Braddock R. C. The Rewards of Office-holding in Tudor England // Journal of British Studies, 14. 1975. P. 29–47; MacCaffrey W. T. Place and Patronage in Elizabethan Politics // Elizabethan Government and Society: Essays Presented to Sir John Neale / Ed. S. T. Bindoff, J. Hurstfield, С. H. Williams. London, 1961. P. 95–126; Stone L. The Crisis of the Aristocracy, 1558–1641. Oxford, 1965. P. 403–504.
963
Neale J. E. Essays in Elizabethan History. London, 1958. 69–70.
964
Речь идет о том, чтобы не было семейственности в наследовании должности – должность не должна переходить от отца к сыну. Весьма распространенная по прежним временам практика.
965
Historical Manuscripts Commission, Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Most Honourable the Marquis of Salisbury. 24 vols. London, 1883–1976. iv. 364.
966
MacCaffrey. Place and Patronage. P. 125.
967
CSPD Addenda, 1566–1579. P. 46.
968
5 & 6 Edw. VI, c. 16.
969
For nothing there is done without a fee: / The Courtier needs must recompensed be.
970
Spenser’s Minor Poems / Ed. E. de Selincourt. Oxford, 1960. Repr. 1966. P. 210.
971
Neale. Essays in Elizabethan History. P. 59–81; Hurstfield. Freedom, Corruption and Government. P. 137–162.
972
Coleman. Artifice or Accident? P. 163–198.
973
PRO SP 12/22/59; Coleman. Artifice or Accident? P. 185.
974
Там же, 191.
975
Там же, 192.
976
13 Eliz. I, c. 4.
977
Elton. Parliament of England. P. 171–174.
978
Там же, 196.
979
Там же, 196 n. 124.
980
Folger Shakespeare Library, MSS V. a.459 (1581–2), V. a.460 (1593–1594), V. a. 461 (1596–1598); признание Стонли находится в: PRO E192/3 (ссылка дана в: Coleman. Artifice or Accident? P. 191 n. 101). Господин Коулман планирует опубликовать и статью о Стонли, и его дневники. Я глубоко благодарен ему за всестороннее рассмотрение дел Стонли.
981
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. a.459, fos. 7, 7V, 10, 18v, 21, 21v, 24, 24v, 27, 27v, 43, 67, 9Г, 92v.
982
Coleman. Artifice or Accident? P. 191 n. 101.
983
House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. iii. 450.
984
Stone L. An Elizabethan: Sir Horatio Palavicino. Oxford, 1956. P. 271–273; Coleman. Artifice or Accident? P. 197 n. 124; Elton G. R. The Elizabethan Exchequer: War in the Receipt // Studies, i. 355–388.
985
Historical Manuscripts Commission, Manuscripts of the Marquis of Salisbury, xxiii. 4.
986
Coleman. Artifice or Accident? P. 197 n. 124.
987
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. a.460, fo. 58 (21 Jan. 1594).
988
39 Eliz. I, c. 7.
989
Historical Manuscripts Commission, Manuscripts of the Marquis of Salisbury, iii. 311–312, 377; House of Commons, 1558–1603 // Ed. Hasler. iii. 450–451.
990
Hurstfield J. The Queen’s Wards: Wardship and Marriage under Elizabeth I. London, 1958. P. 181–217; Neale. Essays in Elizabethan History. P. 65–79.
991
Второй сын Уильяма Сесила, барона Берли, впоследствии министр короля Якова I.
992
Hurstfield. The Queen’s Wards. P. 266–269; Neale. Essays in Elizabethan History. P. 63–64, 72.
993
CSPD1591–1594. P. 326–327; Smith A. G. R. Servant of the Cecils: The Life of Sir Michael Hickes, 1543–1612. London, 1977. P. 66–68; Neale. Essays in Elizabethan History. P. 65–66; House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. iii. 375–376.
994
Stone L. Family and Fortune: Studies in Aristocratic Finance in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Oxford, 1973. P. 56–59; Neale. Essays in Elizabethan History. P. 75; House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. i. 578.
995
Neale. Essays in Elizabethan History. P. 77.
996
CSPD1591–1594. P. 219–220; House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. iii. 15–17.
997
Guy J. A. The Court of Star Chamber and its Records to the Reign of Elizabeth I. London, 1985; Jones W. J. The Elizabethan Court of Chancery. Oxford, 1967; Brooks C. W. Pettyfoggers and Vipers of the Commonwealth: The ‘Lower Branch’ of the Legal Profession in Early Modern England. Cambridge, 1986.
998
Williams. The Crown and the Counties. P. 132–133; Hassell Smith. County and Court. P. 293–302.
999
Hassell Smith. County and Court. P. 295.
1000
Neale J. E. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. 2 vols. London, 1953–1957, repr. 1969. ii. 203–215; Hassell Smith. County and Court. P. 294–302; MacCulloch. Suffolk and the Tudors. P. 270–271.
1001
Neale. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. ii. 352–356; Williams. The Crown and the Counties. P. 133–136.
1002
A Dialogue between Reginald Pole and Thomas Lupset / Ed. К. M. Burton. London, 1948. P. 100.
1003
Elton. Parliament of England. P. 280.
1004
Elton G. R. Parliament // Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. Haigh. P. 99; Graves M. A. R. The Management of the Elizabethan House of Commons: The Council’s «Men of Business» // Parliamentary History, 2. 1983. P. 31.
1005
Elton. Parliament of England. P. 278.
1006
House of Commons, 1558–1603 // Ed. Hasler. iii. 22–23, 275–276.
1007
Там же, ii. 238; iii. 661.
1008
Neale. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. ii. 352–362; 376; Guy J. A. Law, Faction, and Parliament in the Sixteenth Century // Historical Journal, 28. 1985. P. 446 (table 1).
1009
Graves M. A. R. The Tudor Parliaments: Crown, Lords and Commons, 1485–1603. London, 1985. P. 155–156; House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. i. 571–579; iii. 638–640.
1010
Речь идет о том, что протестующие представляли собой как бы все нации, находящиеся под управлением британской короны, – Англию, Уэльс и Ирландию. Термин «содружество наций» был введен в XIX веке.
1011
Neale. Elizabeth 1 and her Parliaments. ii. 376–384; House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. i. 571–579; iii. 638–640.
1012
Tudor Royal Proclamations / Ed. P. L. Hughes, J. F. Larkin. 3 vols. New Haven, Conn., 1964–1969. iii. 235–238; Neale. Elizabeth 1 and her Parliaments. ii. 387–388.
1013
CSPD1601–1603. P. 210.
1014
Croft P. Parliamentary Preparations, September 1605: Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury on Free Trade and Monopolies // Parliamentary History, 6. 1987. P. 127–132; Ashton R. The City and the Court, 1605–1645. Cambridge, 1979.
1015
См. выше, ch. 2. Cf. Power. London and the Control of the «Crisis» of the 1590s’. P. 385; Walter J. A «Rising of the People»? The Oxfordshire Rising of 1596 // Past and Present, no. 107. 1985. P. 140.
1016
Slack P. Books of Orders: The Making of English Social Policy, 1577–1631 // Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th ser. 30. 1980. P. 1–22; Fletcher. Reform in the Provinces. P. 43–62.
1017
Wrigley E. A., Schofield R. S. The Population History of England, 1541–1871: A Reconstruction. London, 1981. P. 313–336, 377–384, 642–644, 645–6493; Phelps Brown E. H., Hopkins S. V. Seven Centuries of the Prices of Consumables, Compared with Builders’ Wage Rates // Economica, NS23. 1956; The Agrarian History of England and Wales, iv. 1500–1640 / Ed. J. Thirsk. Cambridge, 1967. P. 846–850.
1018
Slack P. Poverty and Social Regulation in Elizabethan England // Reign of Elizabeth I / Ed. Haigh. P. 221–241; Sharpe J. A. Crime in Early Modern England, 1550–1750. London, 1984. P. 41–72.
1019
Hadwin J. F. Deflating Philanthropy // Economic History Review, 2nd ser. 31. 1978. P. 112 (table 2), 117.
1020
Slack. Poverty and Social Regulation. P. 239–241.
1021
Cf. Morrill J. S., Walter J. D. Order and Disorder in the English Revolution // Order and Disorder in Early Modern England / Ed. A. Fletcher, J. Stevenson. Cambridge, 1985. P. 152–153.
1022
Spufford M. Puritanism and Social Control? in ibid. 41–57; Wrightson K., Levine D. Poverty and Piety in an English Village: Terling, 1525–1700. New York, 1979; Sharpe. Crime in Early Modern England. P. 73–93; McIntosh M. K. Social Change and Tudor Manorial Leets // Law and Social Change in British History / Ed. J. A. Guy, H. G. Beale. London, 1984. P. 73–85.
1023
Восставшие под командованием Кетта поставили лагерь на пустоши.
1024
Walter. The Oxfordshire Rising. P. 91–92; Power. London and the Control of the «Crisis» of the 1590s’. P. 379; Sharp B. In Contempt of All Authority: Rural Artisans and Riot in the West of England, 1586–1660. Berkeley, Ca., 1980. P. 10–21.
1025
Walter. The Oxfordshire Rising. P. 95–126.
1026
Там же, 127–128.
1027
Там же, 127–138; Neale. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. ii. 335–351.
1028
Walter. The Oxfordshire Rising. P. 138.
1029
The Progresses, and Public Processions, of Queen Elizabeth / Ed. J. Nichols. 3 vols. London, 1788–1805. ii; James M. E. Society, Politics and Culture: Studies in Early Modern England. Cambridge, 1986. P. 419–420.
1030
Fox A. G. Thomas More: History and Providence. Oxford, 1982. P. 218–219, 223–234.
1031
The Prose Works of Sir Philip Sidney / Ed. A. Feuillerat. 4 vols. Cambridge, repr. 1962–1968. iii. 22.
1032
Strong R. The Cult of Elizabeth: Elizabethan Portraiture and Pageantry. London, 1977. P. 81.
1033
Тексты «Аркадии» изданий 1590 и 1593 годов см. в: Prose Works of Sir Philip Sidney / Ed. Feuillerat. vols. i-ii, оригинальный вариант см. в: vol. iv. Полное собрание поэзии см. в: The Poems of Sir Philip Sidney / Ed. W. A. Ringler. Oxford, 1962, repr. 1971.
1034
Spenser’s Minor Poems / Ed. E. de Selincourt (Oxford, 1960; repr. 1966), 18–28, 105–114, 195–234; Hume A. Edmund Spenser: Protestant Poet. Cambridge, 1984.
1035
Cf. The Politics of Aristotle / Ed. E. Barker. Oxford, 1946, repr. 1948. P. 92–110.
1036
Skinner Q. Sir Thomas More’s Utopia and the Language of Renaissance Humanism // The Languages of Political Theory in Early Modern Europe / Ed. A. Pagden. Cambridge, 1987. P. 129–131; Cicero. De officiis / Ed. W. Miller. London, 1913. P. 116.
1037
Skinner. Sir Thomas More’s Utopia. P. 127–128; Fox A. G., Guy J. A. Reassessing the Henrician Age: Humanism, Politics, and Reform, 1500–1550. Oxford, 1986. P. 36.
1038
CWiv. Utopia / Ed. E. Surtz, J. H. Hexter. New Haven, Conn., 1965, repr. 1979. P. 87.
1039
Там же, 99–101; Skinner. Sir Thomas More’s Utopia. P. 132–133.
1040
A Dialogue between Reginald Pole and Thomas Lupset / Ed. К. M. Burton. London, 1948. P. 22; The Book Named the Governor / Ed. S. E. Lehmberg. London, 1962, repr. 1975. P. 95–99; A Discourse of the Commonweal of this Realm of England / Ed. M. Dewar. Charlottesville, Va., 1969. P. 16; Fox, Guy. Reassessing the Henrician Age. P. 52–73; McConica J. K. English Humanists and Reformation Politics. Oxford, 1965, repr. 1968. P. 209.
1041
Wernham R. B. Before the Armada: The Emergence of the English Nation, 1485–1588. New York, 1966, repr. 1972. P. 236–237; O’Day R. Education and Society, 1500–1800: The Social Foundations of Education in Early Modern Britain. London, 1982. P. 128.
1042
Discourse of the Commonweal / Ed. Dewar. P. xv-xvii; Ferguson A. B. The Tudor Commonweal and the Sense of Change // Journal of British Studies, 3. 1963. P. 11–35; Skinner Q. The Foundations of Modern Political Thought. 2 vols. Cambridge, 1973, repr. 1979. ii. 349–358.
1043
Prose Works of Sir Philip Sidney / Ed. Feuillerat. iii. 17; Tillyard E. M. W. The Elizabethan World Picture. London, 1943, new edn., 1963, repr. 1968. P. 33–34.
1044
The History of the University of Oxford, iii. The Collegiate University / Ed. J. K. McConica. Oxford, 1986. P. 707–709.
1045
Kelley D. R. The Beginning of Ideology: Consciousness and Society in the French Reformation. Cambridge, 1981, repr. 1983. P. 131–135; Knafla L. A. Law and Politics in Jacobean England: The Tracts of Lord Chancellor Ellesmere. Cambridge, 1977. P. 40–42; History of the University of Oxford, iii. / Ed. McConica. P. 713–714.
1046
Thomas K. Religion and the Decline of Magic. London, 1971, repr. 1978. P. 198–206, 681–698; Christopher Marlowe: The Complete Plays / Ed. J. B. Steane. Harmondsworth, 1969, repr. 1977. P. 10–15; Skinner. Foundations of Modem Political Thought. ii. 275–284.
1047
James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 418–421; Ferguson A. B. Clio Unbound: Perceptions of the Social and Cultural Past in Renaissance England. Durham, NC, 1979; Levy F. J. Tudor Historical Thought. San Marino, Ca., 1967; Pocock J. G. A. The Sense of History in Renaissance England // William Shakespeare, i. His World / Ed. J. F. Andrews. New York, 1985. P. 143–157.
1048
CSPD1601–1603, p. 15; James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 418–419, 437; Pocock. The Sense of History. P. 148.
1049
Bennett H. S. English Books and Readers, 1558 to 1603. Cambridge, 1965. P. 56–86; The Cambridge History of English Literature / Ed. A. W. Ward, A. R. Waller. 15 vols. Cambridge, 1907–27. vii. 343–344; Palliser D. M. The Age of Elizabeth: England under the Later Tudors, 1547–1603. London, 1983. P. 354–355.
1050
См.: Ellrodt R. Self-Consciousness in Montaigne and Shakespeare // Shakespeare Survey, 28. 1975. P. 37–50, и приведенные ссылки.
1051
CW ix. The Apology / Ed. J. B. TraP. New Haven, Conn., 1979. P. 13; Spufford M. Schooling of Peasantry in Cambridgeshire // Agricultural History Review, 18. 1970, Supplement. P. 112–147; Spufford M. Contrasting Communities: English Villagers in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Cambridge, 1974. P. 192–209, 262–263; cf. Cressy D. Literacy and the Social Order: Reading and Writing in Tudor and Stuart England. Cambridge, 1980. P. 44–45.
1052
Cressy. Literacy and the Social Order. P. 1–18, 142–174, 176; Cressy. Levels of Illiteracy in England, 1530–1730 // Historical Journal, 20. 1977. P. 1–23. Cf. Schofield R. S. The Measurement of Literacy in Pre-Industrial England // Literacy in Traditional Societies / Ed. J. Goody. Cambridge, 1967. P. 311–325.
1053
Cressy. Literacy and the Social Order. P. 1–41; Hull S. W. Chaste, Silent and Obedient: English Books for Women, 1475–1640. San Marino, Ca., 1982; Thomas К. V. The Meaning of Literacy in Early Modern England // The Written Word: Literacy in Transition / Ed. G. Baumann. Oxford, 1986.
1054
Cressy. Literacy and the Social Order. P. 142–164.
1055
Harris T. London Crowds in the Reign of Charles II: Propaganda and Politics from the Restoration until the Exclusion Crisis. Cambridge, 1987; Cressy. Literacy and the Social Order. P. 65–75, 128–129, 146–147, 154–155.
1056
Life and Letters of Thomas Cromwell / Ed. R. B. Merriman. 2 vols.; Oxford, 1902. ii. 27; см. также Slavin A. J. The Gutenberg Galaxy and the Tudor Revolution // Print and Culture in the Renaissance: Essays on the Advent of Printing in Europe / Ed. G. P. Tyson, S. S. Wagonheim. Newark, NJ, 1986. P. 90–109.
1057
The Notebook of Sir John Port / Ed. J. H. Baker. London: Selden Society, 1986. P. 136.
1058
Orme N. English Schools in the Middle Ages. London, 1973. P. 294; Simon J. Education and Society in Tudor England. Cambridge, 1966. P. 179–196, 215–244, 268–287; Cressy. Literacy and the Social Order. P. 164–170.
1059
Simon. Education and Society. P. 291–316; Cressy. Literacy and the Social Order. P. 34–38, 167–169.
1060
Cressy. Literacy and the Social Order. P. 28–41, 157–170.
1061
Было десять канцлерских иннов в 1468 году, но в 1540-м осталось только девять. В 1549 году Стрэнд-Инн снесли, чтобы дать возможность лорд-протектору Сомерсету построить Сомерсет-Хаус. См. в: Megarry R. Inns Ancient and Modern. London: Selden Society, 1972.
1062
Prest W. Legal Education of the Gentry at the Inns of Court, 1560–1640 // Past and Present, no. 38. 1967. P. 20–39; Guy J. A. Law, Faction, and Parliament in the Sixteenth Century // Historical Journal, 28. 1985. P. 446.
1063
Simon. Education and Society. P. 388–389; Palliser. Age of Elizabeth. P. 363.
1064
History of the University of Oxford / Ed. McConica. iii. 645–732; The University in Society / Ed. L. Stone. 2 vols. Princeton, NJ, 1975. i. 3–81, 93; Russell. The Influx of Commoners into the University of Oxford before 1581: An Optical Illusion? // English Historical Review, 92. 1977. P. 721–745; Palliser. Age of Elizabeth. P. 363–365.
1065
University in Society / Ed. Stone. i. 91–92; Russell. The Influx of Commoners. P. 721–745; History of the University of Oxford / Ed. McConica. iii. 1–68.
1066
History of the University of Oxford / Ed. McConica. iii. 721.
1067
Хэмфри, герцог Глостер – сын короля Генриха IV из Ланкастерской династии. В 1447 году перед смертью завещал коллекцию из 281 книги Оксфорду. В те годы университет имел в собственности всего 20 книг.
1068
Ibid. P. 465–466, 556, 633; Oates J. С. T. Cambridge University Library: A History From the Beginnings to the Copyright Act of Queen Anne. Cambridge, 1986; Cambridge History of English Literature / Ed. Ward and Waller. iv. 422–432.
1069
Последний король Ланкастерской династии, страдал психическими расстройствами, возможно, унаследованными от деда по материнской линии, короля Франции Карла VI Безумного.
1070
Последний герцог Бургундии из династии Валуа.
1071
Kipling G. Henry VII and the Origins of Tudor Patronage // Patronage in the Renaissance / Ed. G. F. Lytle, S. Orgel. Princeton, NJ, 1981. P. 117–164; Anglo S. Spectacle, Pageantry, and Early Tudor Policy. Oxford, 1969. P. 98–110; Cressy D. Spectacle and Power: Apollo and Solomon at the Court of Henry VIII // History Today, 32. Oct. 1982. P. 16–22; Wickham G. Early English Stages: 1300 to 1600. 3 vols. in 4 parts; 1959–81; vol. i, 2nd edn., 1980. i. 13–50.
1072
Красная роза – символ династии Ланкастер, к которой (очень отдаленно) принадлежали и Тюдоры.
1073
Anglo. Spectacle, Pageantry, and Early Tudor Policy. P. 266–270; Cressy. Spectacle and Power. P. 16–17; Kipling. Henry VII and the Origins of Tudor Patronage. P. 140–149; Strong R. Holbein and Henry VIII. London, 1967. P. 9.
1074
В 1524 году Генрих получил серьезную лицевую травму копьем от герцога Саффолка, забыв опустить забрало турнирного шлема перед конной сшибкой. В 1536 году после падения с лошади в полном доспехе (лошадь придавила упавшего всадника) он два часа оставался без сознания.
1075
Anglo. Spectacle, Pageantry, and Early Tudor Policy. P. 108–169.
1076
Там же, c. 261–280; Cressy. Spectacle and Power. P. 21–22; Strong. Holbein and Henry VIII. P. 14–16.
1077
Folger Shakespeare Library, MSS L. b. 41–42, 292, 327; Anglo. Spectacle, Pageantry, and Early Tudor Policy. P. 295–343.
1078
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS L. b. 42, fos. 71’-2V; MS L. b.123; Jones N. L. Faith by Statute: Parliament and the Settlement of Religion, 1559. London, 1982. P. 43; Welsford E. The Court Masque: A Study in the Relationship between Poetry and the Revels. Cambridge, 1927. P. 149–167.
1079
Prose Works of Sir Philip Sidney / Ed. Feuillerat. iii. 39; Gurr A. The Shakespearean Stage, 1574–1642. 2nd edn., Cambridge, 1980. P. 10–77; Chambers E. K. The Elizabethan Stage. 4 vols.; Oxford, 1923; repr. 1965. ii. 34–35.
1080
Chambers. Elizabethan Stage. ii. 104.
1081
Там же, c. 104–115, 134–220.
1082
Gurr. Shakespearean Stage. P. 4–77; Wickham. Early English Stages. ii. II. 110–117; Beal P. The Burning of the Globe // Times Literary Supplement. 20 June 1986. P. 689–690.
1083
Strong. Cult of Elizabeth. P. 114–162; Adams S. L. Eliza Enthroned? The Court and its Politics // The Reign ofElizabeth I / Ed. C. Haigh. London, 1984. P. 72–73.
1084
Strong. Cult of Elizabeth. P. 134–135; Girouard M. Robert Smythson and the Elizabethan Country House. London, 1983. P. 210–232.
1085
Bacon’s Essays. Chandos edn. P. 70–71.
1086
Strong. Cult of Elizabeth. P. 137–146.
1087
An yearly solemn feast she wonts to make, / The day that first doth lead the year around, / To which all knights of worth and courage bold, / Resort, to hear of strange adventures to be told.
1088
Yates F. A. Astraea: The Imperial Theme in the Sixteenth Century. London, 1975. P. 88–111; Strong. Cult of Elizabeth. P. 117, 146–151.
1089
Strong R. Nicholas Hilliard. London, 1975; Strong R. Artists of the Tudor Court: The Portrait Miniature Rediscovered, 1520–1620. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 1983. P. 9–13; Jordan M. Tokens of Love and Loyalty // Times Literary Supplement. 5 Aug. 1983. P. 832.
1090
Strong. Nicholas Hilliard. P. 21–26.
1091
Джеймс Мелвилл – дипломат и доверенное лицо Марии Стюарт, отправленный ею в Лондон в том числе для переговоров с Елизаветой о браке Марии с Генри Дарнли. Елизавета тогда продвигала проект женить на Марии Роберта Дадли – и спектакль с миниатюрой должен был дать понять шотландской кузине, что Елизавета отрывает от сердца буквально самое дорогое. Прямой перевод надписи на миниатюре – не «портрет милорда», а «портрет моего господина».
1092
Там же, 14–19, 21–26; Strong. Artists of the Tudor Court. P. 9–13, 126–132.
1093
Strong. Artists of the Tudor Court. P. 10–11, 129–130.
1094
Prose Works of Sir Philip Sidney / Ed. Feuillerat, iii. 9; Butcher S. H. Aristotle’s Theory of Poetry and Fine Art. 3rd edn., London, 1902. P. 121–136.
1095
The Book Named the Governor / Ed. Lehmberg. P. 23–26.
1096
Strong. Artists of the Tudor Court. P. 97–116; Strong. Tudor and Jacobean Portraits. 2 vols.; London, 1969.
1097
The History of the King’s Works, iv. 1485–1660. Part 2 / Ed. H. M. Colvin, London, 1982. P. 28–31; Girouard. Robert Smythson. P. 2–162.
1098
Girouard. Robert Smythson. P. 18–20, 144–162.
1099
The Agrarian History of England and Wales, iv. 1500–1640 / Ed. J. Thirsk. Cambridge, 1967. P. 696–766; Skipp V. H. T. Economic and Social Change in the Forest of Arden, 1530–1649 // Agricultural History Review, 18. 1970. Supplement. P. 84–111.
1100
History of the King’s Works / Ed. Colvin. iv. 17–21; Agrarian History / Ed. Thirsk. iv. 698–710; Girouard. Robert Smythson. P. 54–65.
1101
The House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. P. W. Hasler. 3 vols. London, 1981. iii. 273–276.
1102
Adams S. L. Eliza Enthroned? The Court and its Politics // The Reign of Elizabeth I /C. Haigh. London, 1984. P. 67–68.
1103
Его карьере помогала первая жена, одна из фрейлин королевы, ставшая к 1564 году наперсницей Елизаветы.
1104
House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. ii. 148–151.
1105
CSPD Addenda, 1580–1625, p. 320; House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. i. 571–579.
1106
Самым молодым членом Тайного совета был четвертый герцог Норфолк.
1107
Read C. Lord Burghley and Queen Elizabeth. London, 1960. P. 477.
1108
Hurstfield J. Freedom, Corruption and Government in Elizabethan England. London, 1973. P. 104–162; Prestwich M. Cranfield: Politics and Profits under the Early Stuarts. Oxford, 1966. P. 9–48.
1109
O grief of griefs, O gall of all good hearts, / To see that virtue should despised be / Of him, that first was raised for virtuous parts, / And now broad spreading like an aged tree, / Lets none shoot up, that nigh him planted be.
1110
Spenser’s Minor Poems / Ed. E. de Selincourt. Oxford, 1960, repr. 1966. P. 141
1111
Epigrammes in the Oldest Cut, and Newest Fashion. London, 1599.
1112
Елизаветинцы верили, что здоровье и хорошее самочувствие человека определяет верное соотношение в его организме четырех жидкостей, гуморов: крови, флегмы, желтой желчи и черной желчи.
1113
Эссекс женился на леди Фрэнсис Уолсингем, вдове Филипа Сидни. Сидни в юности был влюблен в сестру Эссекса, Пенелопу.
1114
Hurstfield. Freedom, Corruption and Government. P. 126–134; James M. E. Society, Politics and Culture: Studies in Early Modern England. Cambridge, 1986. P. 416–465; Neale J. E. Queen Elizabeth I. London, 1934, repr. 1961. P. 343–355.
1115
Hurstfield. Freedom, Corruption and Government. P. 127; Adams. Eliza Enthroned? P. 68.
1116
Филип Сидни, сын леди Мэри Дадли, приходился племянником Роберту Дадли, графу Лестеру.
1117
CSPD Addenda, 1580–1625, P. 320.
1118
Adams S. L. The Protestant Cause: Religious Alliance with the West European Calvinist Communities as a Political Issue in England, 1585–1630. Unpublished Oxford D. Phil. dissertation, 1973. fos. 104–118; Neale J. E. Essays in Elizabethan History. London, 1958. P. 81–84; DNB s. v. Devereux, Robert.
1119
Томас Сесил – старший брат Роберта, сын лорда Берли от первого брака с Мэри Чик.
1120
Adams. Eliza Enthroned? P. 67–68; James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 440; Hurstfield. Freedom, Corruption and Government. P. 126–134; House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. passim.
1121
James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 440–443; Hay M. V. The Life of Robert Sidney: Earl of Leicester. Folger Books, Washington DC, 1984. P. 163–167; Adams. Eliza Enthroned? P. 67–68; Hurstfield. Freedom, Corruption and Government. P. 126–134; Peck L. L. Northampton: Patronage and Policy at the Court of James I. London, 1982. P. 13–22; House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. passim – CSPD1598–1601. P. 545–596.
1122
House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. i. 371–373, 374–379; Lord Burghley. P. 478–480.
1123
Wernham R. B. After the Armada: Elizabethan England and the Struggle for Western Europe, 1588–1595. Oxford, 1984. P. 419–420, 496; Neale. Queen Elizabeth I. P. 336–337; House of Commons, 1558–1603 / Ed. Hasler. iii. 219–220.
1124
James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 427–430.
1125
Там же, c. 310–332, 427–434.
1126
Correspondence of King James VI of Scotland with Sir Robert Cecil and Others in England during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth / Ed. J. Bruce. London: Camden Society, OS78, 1861. P. 96, 98, 102–104.
1127
Dimock A. The Conspiracy of Dr Lopez // English Historical Review, 9. 1893. P. 440–472. Read. Lord Burghley. P. 533–537.
1128
Read. Lord Burghley. P. 533–537.
1129
Ps. 55: 23.
1130
James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 445.
1131
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. a.321, fos. 1–2.
1132
James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 445–446.
1133
The Progresses, and Public Processions, of Queen Elizabeth / Ed. J. Nichols. 3 vols. London, 1788–1805. ii.
1134
Пер. Е. Бируковой.
1135
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. a.321, fo. 4V.
1136
CSPD1598–1601, p. 441; Cheyney E. P. A History of England from the Defeat of the Armada to the Death of Elizabeth. 2 vols.; London, 1914–1926. ii. 513–515.
1137
CSPD1598–1601. P. 449.
1138
Там же, c. 450–453; James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 418–423.
1139
CSPD1598–1601. P. 453–455.
1140
Там же, c. 573, 575; James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 419–420, 423, 446; Neale. Essays in Elizabethan History. P. 83–84.
1141
James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 424–426, 438–439.
1142
CSPD1598–1601. P. 577–581; James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 446.
1143
Cheyney. History of England. ii. 522–527; CSPD1598–1601. P. 577–581; James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 448–451.
1144
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. b.142, fo. 53; CSPD1598–1601. P. 549–585; James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 450–452; Cheyney. History of England. ii. 525–548.
1145
Cheyney. History of England. ii. 530, 534; James. Society, Politics and Culture. P. 451.
1146
Little Cecil tripping up and down, / He rules both Court and Crown, / With his brother Burghley clown, / In his great fox-furred gown; / With the long proclamation / He swore he saved the town.
1147
Cheyney. History of England. ii. 535.
1148
CSPD1598–1601. P. 545–546, 553–557, 565–568, 582–585; Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. a.321, fos. 9V-11.
1149
Hurstfield. Freedom, Corruption and Government. P. 129.
1150
Там же, c. 129–130; Correspondence of King James VI. P. xxxv-vii.
1151
Correspondence of King James VI. P. 72–75.
1152
Там же, 47.
1153
Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. b.142, fos. 65–67.
1154
Neale J. E. Elizabeth I and her Parliaments. 2 vols. London, 1953–7, repr. 1967, ii. 353; Neale J. E. Essays in Elizabethan History. P. 59–81. Я сам разделял эту точку зрения до написания этой книги.
1155
The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England. 2 vols. new edn., Oxford, 1840. i. 2.
1156
The Book Named the Governor / Ed. S. E. Lehmberg. London, 1962, repr. 1975. P. 238–240.
1157
Miller H. Henry VHI and the English Nobility. Oxford, 1986. P. 130–131.
1158
Fletcher A. Reform in the Provinces: The Government of Stuart England. London, 1986. P. 44–46; Peck. Northampton: Patronage and Policy. P. 84–89.
1159
Proceedings in Parliament, 1610 / Ed. E. R. Foster. 2 vols. New Haven, Conn., 1966. i. xi; Folger Shakespeare Library, MS V. b. 276, fos. 41 ff.