Примечания
1
Aas, M., Henry, C., Andreassen, O., Bellivier, F., Melle, I., Etain, B. (2016). The role of childhood trauma in bipolar disorders, International Journal of Bipolar Disorders, Vol. 4.
Hovens J.G. F.M., et al. (2010). Childhood life events and childhood trauma in adult patients with depressive, anxiety and comorbid disorders vs controls, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol. 22(1).
Kendler, K.S., Bulik, C.M., Silberg, J. (2000). Childhood sexual abuse and adult psychiatric and substance use disorders in women: An epidemiological and cotwin control analysis, Archives of General Psychiatry, Vol. 57(10).
Kendler, K.S., et al. (1993). The prediction of major depression in women: Towards an integrated etiological model. American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 150.
Kuo, J.R., Goldin, P.R., Werner, K., Heimberg, R.G., Gross, J.J. (2011). Childhood trauma and current psychological functioning in adults with social anxiety disorder, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, Vol. 25(4). Design and Typesetting.
McCauley, J., Kern, D.E., Kolodner, K. (1997). Clinical characteristics of women with a history of child abuse, JAMA, Vol. 277(17).
Royse, D., Rompf, B.L., Dhooper, S.S. (1991). Childhood trauma and adult life satisfaction in a random adult sample, Psychological Reports, Vol. 69(3 Pt 2).
Stein, M.B., et al. (1996). Childhood physical and sexual abuse in patients with anxiety disorders in a community sample, American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 153(2).
Whisman, M.A. (2006). Childhood trauma and marital outcomes in adulthood. Personal Relationships, Vol. 13(4).
2
Felitti, V.J., et al. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and house-hold dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study, American Journal of Preventative Medicine, Vol. 14. The study included ten categories of Adverse Childhood Experiences. См. все 10 категорий в главе 5.
3
Burke Harris, N. (2018). Toxic Childhood Stress: The legacy of early trauma and how to heal, Bluebird, London. Felitti et al., Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study.
4
Copeland, W.E., Shanahan, L. Hinesley, J. (2018). Association of childhood trauma exposure with adult psychiatric disorders and functional outcomes, JAMA, Vol. 1(7). Felitti et al., Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study. Goodwin, R. et al. (2003). Association between childhood physical abuse and gastrointestinal disorders and migraine in adulthood, American Journal of Public Health, Vol. 93.
См. Обзор Van der Kolk, B. (2003). The neurobiology of childhood trauma and abuse, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, Vol. 12(2). См. также примечание 1 выше о других исследованиях в этой области.
5
The Hoffman Institute, ‘Trauma, resilience and addiction: Hoffman interviews Dr. Gabor Maté’, 19 January 2021, hoffmaninstitute.co.uk/trauma-resilience-and-addiction-hoffman-interviews-dr-gabor-mate/. Design and Typesetting.
6
Levine, P. (2018). Healing Trauma: A pioneering program for restoring the wisdom of your body, Sounds True, Boulder, CO.
7
Dr. Francine Shapiro was the creator of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR – see glossary). For an accessible overview of Dr. Shapiro’s techniques, see Shapiro, F. (2013). Getting Past Your Past: Take control of your life with self-help techniques from EMDR therapy, Rodale, New York.
8
Reflects the work of Anke Ehlers and David Clark in Ehlers, A., Clark, D. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder, Behavioural Research and Therapy, Vol. 15(3). Эта статья оказала большое влияние на развитие когнитивно-поведенческой терапии как метода лечения психотравм.
9
Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered Assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma, Simon & Schuster, New York.
10
Maté, G. (2018). In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close encounters with addiction, Random House, UK.
11
См. Levine, P., Kline, M. (2008). Trauma-Proofing Your Kids: A Parents Guide for Instilling Confidence, Joy and Resilience, North Atlantic Books, New York. Если вы подозреваете, что ваш ребенок мог пострадать от психологической травмы, обязательно обратитесь к своему врачу или специалисту-психологу в области лечения психологической травмы.
12
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, APA, Arlington, VA.
13
Weathers, F.W., Blake, D.D., Schnurr, P.P., Kaloupek, D.G., Marx, B.P., Keane, T.M. (2013). The Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5). Instrument available from the National Center for PTSD at ptsd.va.gov. Levine, P. (2018). Healing Trauma: A pioneering program for restoring the wisdom of your body.
Опираясь на последние научные исследования, я включила травмы рождения и скорбь в список Т-Травм.
14
Kilpatrick, D.G. (2013). National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria, Journal of Traumatic Stress, Vol. 26(5).
15
Levine, P. (1997). Waking the Tiger: Healing trauma: the innate capacity to transform overwhelming experiences, North Atlantic Books, Berkeley.
16
Levine, P. (2018). Healing Trauma: A pioneering program for restoring the wisdom of your body, p.8.
17
Tang, W., Hu, T., Hu, B., Jin, C., Wang, G., Xie, C., Chen, S., Xu, J. (2020). Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese university students. Journal of Affective Disorders, Vol 274, pp. 1–7.
18
Имейте в виду, что диафрагмальное дыхание 4/8 – это скорее ориентир, а не строгое правило. Главное – выдох должен быть длиннее вдоха, и вам нужно дышать животом/диафрагмой. Я часто считаю вдохи и выдохи в режиме 4/10, некоторые предпочитают 3/6. Выбирайте, что подходит именно вам.
19
Porges, S. (2017). The Pocket Guide to The Polyvagal Theory: The trans-formative power of feeling safe, W.W. Norton & Company, New York. Levine, P. (2010). In an Unspoken Voice: How the body releases trauma and restores goodness, North Atlantic Books, Berkeley.
20
Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H.D., Kessler, R.C., Davis, G.C. (1999). Previous exposure to trauma and PTSD effects of subsequent trauma: Results from the Detroit Area Survey of Trauma, American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 156(6).
21
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psN1DORYYV0 – Примеч. пер.
22
Brown, B, ‘Listening to Shame’, TED, 3 December 2020, ted.com/talks/brene_brown_listening_to_shame/up-next?language=en. Brown, B. (2020). The Gifts of Imperfection: Let go of who you think you’re supposed to be and embrace who you are, 10th anniversary edition, Vermillion, London.
23
Bauer, P.J., Larkina, M. (2014). The onset of childhood amnesia: a prospective investigation of the course and determinants of forgetting of early-life events, Public Access, Vol. 22(8).
24
Yehuda, R., Halligan, S.L., Bierer, L.M. (2001). Relationship of parental trauma exposure and PTSD to PTSD, depressive and anxiety disorders in offspring, Journal of Psychiatric Research, Vol. 35(5).
25
Iyengar, U. (2014). Unresolved trauma in mothers: intergenerational effects and the role of reorganization. Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 5.
26
В России эту тему подробно рассматривает Людмила Петрановская (https://veraprok.livejournal.com/62076.html). – Примеч. пер.
27
National Human Genome Research Institute, ‘Epigenetics’, 3 December 2020, genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Epigenetics
28
Dias, B.G., Ressler, K.J. (2014). Parental olfactory experience influences behaviour and neural structure in subsequent generations, Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 17(1).
29
Porges, S. (2017). The Pocket Guide to the Polyvagal Theory: The transformative power of feeling safe, W.W. Norton & Company, New York.
30
Katie, B. (2002). Loving What Is: Four questions that can change your life, Rider, London.
31
Walker, P. ‘The 4Fs: A trauma typology in complex PTSD’, 3 December 2020, pete-walker.com/fourFs_TraumaTypologyComplexPTSD.htm.
32
Консультант и коуч, которая долгое время страдала от зависимостей и проблем с детьми. Автор имеет в виду интервью в «The Guardian» https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/dec/30/byron-katie-depression-change-joy-secret-stressed-thought. – Примеч. пер.
33
Компульсия – периодически возникающее навязчивое поведение, ритуалы или ментальные акты. Действия, которые, как человек чувствует, он вынужден выполнять. Невыполнение этих действий повышает тревожность у человека до тех пор, пока он не отказывается от сопротивления позыву. Источник: https://w.wiki/8BUD
34
World Health Organization (2018). International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics, 11th revision. The C-PTSD diagnosis was added to the ICD-10 in 2018.
35
Копинг-стратегия – стратегия преодоления стресса. – Примеч. ред.
36
Ток-шоу, в котором доктор Фил Макгроу предлагает гостям встретиться лицом к лицу со своими проблемами (выходило с 2002 по 2023 год). – Примеч. ред.
37
См. Обзор UK National Health Service, ‘Complex PTSD’, 3 December 2020, nhs.uk/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/complex/.
38
Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H.D., Kessler, R.C., Davis, G.C. (1999). Previous exposure to trauma and PTSD effects of subsequent trauma: Results from the Detroit Area Survey of Trauma, American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 156(6).
39
Arousal and satiation highs are described in Nakken, C. (1996). The Addictive Personality: Understanding the addictive process and compulsive behaviour, 2nd edition, Hazelden, Centre City, Minn, p.3. Deprivation high is described in Carnes, P. (2019). The Betrayal Bond: Breaking free of exploitative relationships, rev edition, Health Communications Inc., Deerfield Beach.
40
Nakken, The Addictive Personality: Understanding the addictive process and compulsive behaviour.
41
Nakken, The Addictive Personality: Understanding the addictive process and compulsive behaviour, p.5.
42
For a selection of up-to-date research into neuroplasticity, see Science Direct, ‘Neural Plasticity’, 3 December 2020, sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/neural-plasticity.
43
Burke Harris, N. (2018). Toxic Childhood Stress: The legacy of early trauma and how to heal, Bluebird, London.
44
Levine, P. (2010). In an Unspoken Voice: How the body releases trauma and restores goodness, North Atlantic Books, Berkeley.
45
Felitti, J., et al. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study, American Journal of Preventative Medicine, Vol. 14.
46
Burke Harris, Toxic Childhood Stress, p. 39.
47
См. обзор в Institute for Chronic Pain, ‘Trauma’, 3 December 2020, instituteforchronicpain.org/understanding-chronic-pain/complications/trauma.
48
Shapiro, F. (2013). Getting Past Your Past: Take control of your life with self-help techniques from EMDR, Rodale, New York.
49
Tedeshi, R.G., Calhoun, L.G. (1996). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma, Journal of Traumatic Stress, Vol. 9(3).
50
Oxford University Press, Lexico, 3 December 2020, lexico.com/definition/spirituality.
51
Американский комедийный телесериал (2010–2016), созданный Майклом Шуром. – Примеч. ред.
52
American Psychological Association, ‘Building your resilience’, 3 December 2020, apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience.
53
Dweck, C. (2017). Mindset: Changing the way you think to fulfil your potential, rev edition, Robinson, London.
54
Вы можете менять это упражнение так, как вам нужно. Главное, чтобы вам было комфортно. Если хотите, выберите для концентрации что-то другое – неуязвимое ядро личности, любовь, целительную энергию, Бога, силу, душу, мир или целостность. Выбирайте, что подходит именно вам.
55
Способность сосредоточиваться на средней части тела, сохранять, поддерживать и чувствовать концентрацию энергии в ней (источник: https://www.b17.ru/article/center_bodynamic/). – Примеч. ред.
56
Levine, P. (1997). Waking the Tiger: Healing trauma: the innate capacity to transform overwhelming experiences, North Atlantic Books, Berkeley.