Notes
1
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) – это устоявшаяся аббревиатура для обозначения диалектической поведенческой терапии в РФ.
2
https://www.global-psychotrauma.net/global-prevalence-of-trauma.
3
Ibrahim Aref Kira, Hanaa Shuwiekh, Andreas Laddis. The Linear and Non-Linear Association between Trauma, Dissociation, Complex PTSD, and Executive Function Deficits: A Longitudinal Structural Equation Modeling Study, Journal of Loss and Trauma, 2023. Vol. 28. Issue 3, 217–234, https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2022.2101734.
4
Joseph Spinazzola, Hilary Hodgdon, Li-Jung Liang, Julian D. Ford, Christopher M. Layne, Robert Pynoos, Ertestine C. Briggs, Bradley Stolbach, & Cassandra Kisiel. Unseen wounds: The contribution of psychological maltreatment to child and adolescent mental health and risk outcomes. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 6 (Suppl. 1), S18–S28. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037766. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-45146-003.
5
Trauma-Informed Care in Behavioral Health Services. Rockville (MD); 2014. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 57.) Chapter 3, Understanding the Impact of Trauma. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207191/.
6
Там же.
7
Brian Allen, Dean Lauterbach. Personality characteristics of adult survivors of childhood trauma. Journal of Trauma Stress. 2007. Aug; 20(4): 587–95. DOI: 10.1002/jts.20195. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17721954/.
8
Heather Rosenberg, Nicole A. Errett, David P. Eisenman. Working with Disaster-Affected Communities to Envision Healthier Futures: A Trauma-Informed Approach to Post-Disaster Recovery Planning. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022 Feb 2; 19(3):1723. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031723. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35162746/.
9
Evangelia Giourou, Maria Skokou, Stuart P. Andrew, Konstantina Alexopoulou, Philippos Gourzis, Eleni Jelastopulu. Complex posttraumatic stress disorder: The need to consolidate a distinct clinical syndrome or to reevaluate features of psychiatric disorders following interpersonal trauma? World Journal of Psychiatry. 2018 Mar 22; 8(1):12–19. DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v8.i1.12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29568727/.
10
В. Macdonald, T. V. Salomons, L. Meteyard, M. G. Whalley. Prevalence of pain flashbacks in posttraumatic stress disorder arising from exposure to multiple traumas or childhood traumatization. Canadian Journal of Pain. 2018 Feb 21;2(1):48–56. DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2018.1435994. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8730607/#:~:text=Pain%20flashbacks%20are%20forms%20of,apparent%20absence%20of%20persisting%20injury.
11
По крайней мере, условно здоровый мозг. Оливер Сакс в своих книгах описывал случаи, когда люди с разными нарушениями работы мозга (например, эпилепсией) вдруг в тончайших деталях вспоминали давно забытые вещи из детства.
12
Martin Bohus, Nikolaus Kleindienst, Christopher Hahn, Meike Müller-Engelmann, Petra Ludäscher, Regina Steil, Thomas Fydrich, Christine Kuehner, Patricia A. Resick, Christian Stiglmayr, Christian Schmahl, Kathlen Priebe. Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (DBT-PTSD) Compared With Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) in Complex Presentations of PTSD in Women Survivors of Childhood Abuse: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Dec 1; 77(12):1235–1245. DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2148. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32697288/.
13
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision. https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en.
14
Andreas Maercker. Development of the new CPTSD diagnosis for ICD-11. Borderline Personal Disorder and Emotional Dysregulation. 2021 Mar 1;8(1):7. DOI: 10.1186/s40479-021-00148-8. PMID: 33641675; PMCID: PMC7919312. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33641675/.
15
Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders. https://www.traumadissociation.com/trauma-stressor.
16
Джудит Герман. Травма и исцеление: Последствия насилия от абьюза до политического террора. – М.: Бомбора, 2022.
17
Inga Schalinski, Maggie Schauer, Thomas Elbert. The shutdown dissociation scale (Shut-D). European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2015. May 13; 6:25652. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v6.25652. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3402/ejpt.v6.25652.
18
Amie Myrick, Bethany L. Brand. Dissociation, Dissociative Disorders, and PTSD. In book: Comprehensive Guide to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (pp. 41–59). DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-08359-9_39. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303747900_Dissociation_Dissociative_Disorders_and_PTSD.
19
Sarah Beutler, Yoki L. Mertens, Liliana Ladner, Julia Schellong, Ilona Croy, Judith K. Daniels. Trauma-related dissociation and the autonomic nervous system: a systematic literature review of psychophysiological correlates of dissociative experiencing in PTSD patients. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2022 Nov. 2; 13(2):2132599. DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2132599. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9635467/.
20
Maria W. Mauritz, Peter J. J. Goossens, Nel Draijer, Theo van Achterberg. Prevalence of interpersonal trauma exposure and trauma-related disorders in severe mental illness. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2013 Apr. 8;4:10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.19985. DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.19985. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3621904/.
21
Zoya Marinova, Andreas Maercker. Biological correlates of complex posttraumatic stress disorder – state of research and future directions. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2015 Apr 16;6:10.3402/ejpt.v6.25913. DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v6.25913. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4401823/.
22
Bardeen, J. R., & Orcutt, H. K. (2011). Attentional control as a moderator of the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and attentional threat bias. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(8), 1008–1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.06.009. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-23975-005.
23
Y. Auxéméry. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a consequence of the interaction between an individual genetic susceptibility, a traumatogenic event and a social context. L’Encephale. 2012 Oct; 38(5):373–80. DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2011.12.003. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23062450/.
24
J. D. Ford, D. J. Grasso, J. D. Elhai, & C. A. Courtois. (2015). Posttraumatic stress disorder: Scientific and professional dimensions (2nd ed.). Elsevier Academic Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2015-46374-000.
25
Zoya Marinova, Andreas Maercker. Biological correlates of complex posttraumatic stress disorder – state of research and future directions. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2015 Apr 16; 6:10.3402/ejpt.v6.25913. DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v6.25913. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4401823/.
26
Там же.
27
Anke Karl, Michael Schaefer, Loretta S. Malta, Denise Dörfel, Nicolas Rohleder, Annett Werner. A meta-analysis of structural brain abnormalities in PTSD. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 2006; 30(7):1004–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.03.004. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16730374/.
28
Eun Joo Kim, Blake Pellman, Jeansok J. Kim. Stress effects on the hippocampus: a critical review. Learning Memory. 2015 Sep; 22(9): 411–416. DOI: 10.1101/lm.037291.114. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4561403/#:~:text=Structurally%2C%20human%20and%20animal%20studies,proliferation%2C%20and%20reduces%20hippocampal%20volume.
29
Martin H. Teicher, Jacqueline A. Samson, Carl M. Anderson, Kyoko Ohashi. The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience. 2016. Sep 19; 17(10):652–66. DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2016.111. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27640984/.
30
ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en.
31
Adam Hochschild. To End All Wars – a story of loyalty and rebellion, 1914–1918. – Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin Harcourt, 2012. – P. xv, 242, 348.
32
C. S. Myers. Contribution to the Study of Shell Shock. Journal of Military and Veterans’ Health. Vol. 16, No. 1. https://jmvh.org/article/contribution-to-the-study-of-shell-shock/.
33
Ветераны Первой мировой войны: последствия снарядного шока, военный невроз (англ.).
34
M. D. Trimble. (1985). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: History of a concept. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Trauma and its wake: The study and treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, pp. 5–14. New York: Routledge, 2013. См. также: https://traumadissociation.com/ptsd/history-of-post-traumatic-stress-disorder.html.
35
K. C. Koenen et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine. 2017 Oct; 47(13):2260–2274. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291717000708. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28385165/.
36
Наталья Костарнова. Посттравматическое стрессовое устройство // Коммерсант. 2023. 19 марта. https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5886745.
37
K. C. Koenen et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine. 2017 Oct; 47(13):2260–2274. DOI: 10.1017/S0033291717000708. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28385165/.
38
https://dictionary.apa.org/nightmare.
39
Symptoms – Post-traumatic stress disorder. https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/symptoms/.
40
Dissociative disorders. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dissociative-disorders/symptoms-causes/syc-20355215.
41
Hannah Murray, Yasmin Pethania, Evelina Medin. Survivor Guilt: A Cognitive Approach. Cognitive Behavior Therapist. 2021 Sep 16;14: e28. DOI: 10.1017/S1754470X21000246. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7611691/.
42
6B41 Complex post traumatic stress disorder. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#585833559.
43
Джудит Герман. Травма и исцеление. Последствия насилия от абьюза до политического террора. – М.: Бомбора, 2022.
44
Sadie E. Larsen. Complex PTSD: History and Definition. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/essentials/complex_ptsd.asp.
45
Там же.
46
В российской версии МКБ-11 ПТСР называется «осложненным», но мы употребляем термин «комплексное», потому что такое название распространено и среди специалистов, и среди широкой аудитории.
47
World Health Organization. (2019, April). ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en.
48
Andreas Maercker, Tobias Hecker, Mareike Augsburger, Sören Kliem. ICD-11 Prevalence Rates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a German Nationwide Sample. The Journal of nervous and mental disease. 2018. Apr; 206(4). 270–276. DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000790. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29377849/.
49
Harriet Evans, Shanu Sadhwani, Dr Neil Singh, Dr Katy Robjant, Professor Cornelius Katona. Prevalence of complex post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors of human trafficking and modern slavery: a systematic review. European Journal of Psychiatry. Vol. 36. Issue 2. Pages 94–105 (April–June 2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.01.005. https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-european-journal-psychiatry-431-articulo-prevalence-complex-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-S0213616322000076.
50
Hyunjung Choi, Wooyeol Lee, Philip Hyland. Factor structure and symptom classes of ICD-11 complex posttraumatic stress disorder in a South Korean general population sample with adverse childhood experiences. Child Abuse & Neglect. Volume 114. April 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104982. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0145213421000557.
51
Sadie E. Larsen. Complex PTSD: History and Definition. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/treat/essentials/complex_ptsd.asp.
52
Somer E., Herscu O. (2017) Childhood Trauma, Social Anxiety, Absorption and Fantasy Dependence: Two Potential Mediated Pathways to Maladaptive Daydreaming. Journal of Addictive Behaviors. Therapy and Rehabilitaion. Vol. 6. Issue 4. DOI: 10.4172/2324-9005.1000170. https://www.scitechnol.com/peer-review/childhood-trauma-social-anxiety-absorption-and-fantasy-dependence-two-potential-mediated-pathways-to-maladaptive-daydreaming-zASq.php?article_id=6841.
53
6B41 Complex post traumatic stress disorder. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. https://icd.who.int/browse/2024-01/mms/en#585833559.
54
Evangelia Giourou, Maria Skokou, Stuart P. Andrew, Konstantina Alexopoulou, Philippos Gourzis, Eleni Jelastopulu. Complex posttraumatic stress disorder: The need to consolidate a distinct clinical syndrome or to reevaluate features of psychiatric disorders following interpersonal trauma? World Journal of Psychiatry. 2018 March 22; 8(1):12–19. DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v8.i1.12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5862650/.
55
Его автор Мелани Харнед – американка. В США основным классификатором психических расстройств сейчас является DSM-5, в котором есть только ПТСР, но нет кПТСР. Тем не менее Харнед описывает работу с клиентами, симптомы которых соответствуют критериям кПТСР (которое «существует» во всех остальных странах мира, но не в США).
56
Melanie S. Harned, Kathryn E. Korslund, Edna B. Foa, & Marsha M. Linehan (2012). Treating PTSD in suicidal and self-injuring women with borderline personality disorder: Development and preliminary evaluation of a dialectical behavior therapy prolonged exposure protocol. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 381–386. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.02.011. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22503959/; Melanie S. Harned, Kathryn E. Korslund, & Marsch M. Linehan (2014). A pilot randomized controlled trial of dialectical behavior therapy with and without the dialectical behavior therapy prolonged exposure protocol for suicidal and self-injuring women with borderline personality disorder and PTSD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 55, 7–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.01.008. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24562087/; Melanie S. Harned. Treating Trauma in Dialectical Behavior Therapy: The DBT Prolonged Exposure Protocol (DBT PE). – New York: Guilford Press, 2022, p. 26.
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Iris M. Engelhard, Marcel A. van den Hout, Merel Kindt. The relationship between neuroticism, pre-traumatic stress, and post-traumatic stress: a prospective study. Personality and Individual Differences. Vol. 35. Issue 2. July 2003. Pages 381–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00200-3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191886902002003.
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Julian D. Ford, Christine A. Courtois. Complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotional Dysregulation. 2021. May 6;8(1):16. https://bpded.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40479-021-00155-9.
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Christopher J. Hopwood, Daniel A. Newman, Brent M. Donnellan, John C. Markowitz, Carlos M. Grilo, Charles A. Sanislow, Emily B. Ansell, Thomas H. McGlashan, Andrew A. Skodol, Tracie M. Shea, John G. Gunderson, Mary C. Zanarini & Leslie C. Morey. (2009). The stability of personality traits in individuals with borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 118(4), 806–815. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016954. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009–20626–012?doi=1.
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Там же; Julian D. Ford, Christine A. Courtois. Complex PTSD and borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation. Vol. 8. Article number 16 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-021-00155-9. https://bpded.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40479-021-00155-9.
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71
G93.3. Postviral fatigue syndrome. ICD-10 Version: 2019. https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/G93.3.
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M79.7. Fibromyalgia. ICD-10 Version: 2019. https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/M79.7.
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Диалектическая поведенческая терапия в норме состоит из индивидуальных сессий, коучинговых звонков терапевту, когда нужно в моменте проконсультироваться об использовании навыков, посещения тренинга навыков. Терапевты обычно работают командами и обязательно обсуждают, как лучше помочь каждому из клиентов. Мы отдельно подчеркиваем эту информацию, чтобы было понятно, что чтение книги не заменит комплексную профессиональную помощь.
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У вас не обязательно должны быть заполнены все пункты, вполне возможно, что вы сделали только один вывод.
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Mark L. Chiu, Dennis R. Goulet, Alexey Teplyakov, Gary L. Gilliland. Antibody Structure and Function: The Basis for Engineering Therapeutics. Antibodies (Basel). 2019 December 3; 8(4):55. DOI: 10.3390/antib8040055. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31816964/; Cole, P. M., & Putnam, F. W. (1992). Effect of incest on self and social functioning: A developmental psychopathology perspective. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(2), 174–184. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.60.2.174. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1992-27610-001; J. R. Ogawa, L. A. Sroufe, N. S. Weinfield, E. A. Carlson, B. Egeland. Development and the fragmented self: longitudinal study of dissociative symptomatology in a nonclinical sample. Development and Psychopathology. 1997 Fall; 9(4):855–79. DOI: 10.1017/s0954579497001478. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9449009/; Onno van der Hart, Ellert R. S. Nijenhuis, Kathy Steele. Dissociation: An insufficiently recognized major feature of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of traumatic stress. 2005 Oct;18(5):413–23. DOI: 10.1002/jts.20049. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16281239/.
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Там же.
88
Philip Hyland, Mark Shevlin, Chris R. Brewin. The Memory and Identity Theory of ICD-11 Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psychological Review, 130(4), 1044–1065. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000418. https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2023-82563-001.html.
89
Сериал Baby Reindeer, 4-я серия.